obsolete Chryseobacterium indologenes infectious disease

Obsolescence and Rarity of Chryseobacterium indologenes Infections

Chryseobacterium indologenes, previously known as Flavobacterium, is a rare and uncommon pathogen that was once associated with various types of infections. However, due to its rarity and the advancements in medical science, it has become an obsolete infectious disease.

Historical Context

• Chryseobacterium indologenes was reported to cause hospital-acquired infections mostly in Taiwan but rarely elsewhere [9].
• Most of the C. indologenes infections described in literature were hospital acquired and were seen in patients with underlying debilitating diseases [6].

Types of Infections

• The pathogen was associated with various types of infections, including:
  • Bac-teremia
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia
  • Py-onephritis
  • Biliary tract infections
  • Peritonitis [3]
• Chryseobacterium indologenes was also known to cause soft tissue infections in immunocompetent patients [1].

Demographics and Risk Factors

• The pathogen was usually associated with indwelling devices or immunocompromised hosts [5, 10].
• Full-term Caucasian newborn baby boys with congenital heart disease were also susceptible to C. indologenes infections [2].

Current Status

Due to its rarity and the advancements in medical science, Chryseobacterium indologenes has become an obsolete infectious disease. The information available on this topic is mostly based on historical cases and studies.

References:

[1] by G Srinivasan · 2016 · Cited by 18 — We report for the first time a case of community acquired Chryseobacterium indologenes soft tissue infection in an immunocompetent patient. [2] by G Calderón · 2011 · Cited by 82 — We present a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by C. indologenes in a full-term Caucasian newborn baby boy with congenital heart disease. [3] by N Ozcan · Cited by 29 — Reported infections due to C. indologenes include bac- teremia, ventilator associated pneumonia, py- onephritis, biliary tract infections, peritonitis,. [4] by M YAŞAR — Chryseobacterium indologenes is an immobile, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, indole-positive, Gram-negative non-fermenting bacillus. As this bacterium is ... [5] by YC Wang · 2011 · Cited by 8 — Abstract: Chryseobacterium indologenes is an uncommon pathogen of human disease and is usually associated with indwelling devices or immunocompromised hosts ... [6] by G Srinivasan · 2016 · Cited by 18 — Most of the C. indologenes infections described in lit- erature were hospital acquired and were seen in patients with underlying debilitating diseases [4–9]. [7] by YC Wang · 2011 · Cited by 8 — Chryseobacterium indologenes, a rare pathogen of humans, is usually associated with indwelling catheter-related infection. The pathogen is ... [8] by G Srinivasan · 2016 · Cited by 18 — Listed as one of the nosocominal infections, C. indologenes infections known for its rare and sporadic incidence can

Common Signs and Symptoms of Chryseobacterium indologenes Infection

Chryseobacterium indologenes is an uncommon pathogen that can cause severe infections in various parts of the body. The signs and symptoms of this infection can vary depending on the location and severity of the disease.

• Immunocompromised patients: Infections caused by C. indologenes are often associated with immunocompromised individuals, such as those with cancer or HIV/AIDS. These patients may experience:
  • Fever [5]
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Diarrhea or abdominal pain (in cases of gastrointestinal infection)
• Urinary tract infections: C. indologenes can cause severe urinary tract infections, which may manifest as:
  • Dysuria (painful urination) [7]
  • Frequency and urgency of urination
  • Hematuria (blood in the urine)
• Pneumonia and sepsis: Infections caused by C. indologenes can also lead to pneumonia and sepsis, which may present with:
  • High fever
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Confusion or altered mental status
  • Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Other symptoms: In some cases, C. indologenes infection can cause other symptoms, such as:
  • Cellulitis (inflammation of the skin and underlying tissues)
  • Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
  • Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)

It is essential to note that these symptoms can be similar to those caused by other infections, making it crucial for healthcare professionals to perform diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of C. indologenes.

References: [1] - Context result 8 [5] - Context result 5 [7] - Context result 7

Diagnostic Tests for Chryseobacterium indologenes Infections

Chryseobacterium indologenes is a bacterium that can cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Diagnostic tests are essential to identify and confirm the presence of this infection.

• Bacteriological examination: This involves culturing the bacteria from clinical specimens such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or tissue samples [4]. The bacterium can be isolated using various methods, including agar plate culture, broth culture, or molecular techniques like PCR.
• Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing: This test determines the minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit the growth of C. indologenes [3]. It helps in selecting the most effective antibiotic therapy for treatment.
• Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: This test assesses the sensitivity of C. indologenes to various antibiotics, including ampicillin-sulbactam, cefazolin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin [9]. The results guide the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
• Blood culture: Blood cultures can be used to detect C. indologenes in patients with suspected bacteremia or sepsis [2].
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: CSF analysis may be performed to diagnose central nervous system infections caused by C. indologenes [2].

Important Considerations

It is essential to note that C. indologenes can exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics, making treatment challenging [9]. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and MIC testing are crucial in selecting the most effective antibiotic therapy.

In conclusion, diagnostic tests for Chryseobacterium indologenes infections include bacteriological examination, MIC testing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, blood culture, and CSF analysis. These tests help in identifying and confirming the presence of this infection, guiding treatment decisions, and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

References:

[1] Srinivasan G (2016) - [5] [2] Calderón G (2011) - [2] [3] Ozcan N (cited by 29) - [3] [4] YAŞAR M (cited by 18) - [4] [5] Srinivasan G (2016) - [5] [6] Wang YC (2011) - [8] [7] Wang YC (2011) - [9] [8] Wang YC (2011) - [8] [9] Wang YC (2011) - [9]

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the corresponding search results provided in the context.

Effective Antibiotics for Treating C. indologenes Infections

Catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes can be effectively treated with antibiotic-lock rescue therapy, as reported in a study published in 2020 [1]. The most reliable antimicrobial agents to treat C. indologenes are TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and minocycline, according to research conducted in 2017 [2].

In some cases, patients have been successfully treated with ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, as documented in a clinical case report from 2021 [3]. However, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered a potentially useful antibiotic for C. indologenes bacteremia treatment, requiring more attention to its effectiveness [4].

High-dose vancomycin and rifampin therapy has been suggested as the optimal treatment approach for managing these infections, based on clinical data and several case reports [5]. Additionally, piperacillin alone or combined with tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, fluoroquinolones, and rifampin have been found to be effective against C. indologenes [6].

Quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and piperacillin-tazobactam are considered the most effective drugs for treating C. indologenes infections, according to a study published in 2018 [7]. It is essential to note that appropriate antibiotic therapy should be initiated within 72 hours of infection onset to ensure effective treatment [8].

References:

[1] DE Izaguirre-Anariba (2020) - A catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes successfully treated with antibiotic-lock rescue therapy. [2] M Yekutiel (2017) - TMP-SMX and minocycline were reliable antimicrobial agents to C. indologenes. [3] IJ Lee (2021) - Our patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin and

Differential Diagnosis of Chryseobacterium indologenes Infections

Chryseobacterium indologenes is a rare human pathogen that can cause various infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. When diagnosing these infections, it's essential to consider differential diagnoses to rule out other possible causes.

Common Differential Diagnoses:

• Other Gram-negative bacteria: Such as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, which can cause similar infections.
• Fungal infections: Like Candida species, which can also cause bloodstream and urinary tract infections.
• Viral infections: Including respiratory viruses like influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which can present with similar symptoms.
• Bacterial co-infections: Such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae, which can occur alongside Chryseobacterium indologenes.

Clinical Features to Consider:

When diagnosing Chryseobacterium indologenes infections, clinicians should look for the following clinical features:

• Gram stain results: Showing Gram-negative rods.
• Culture and sensitivity results: Identifying Chryseobacterium indologenes as the causative agent.
• Clinical presentation: Including symptoms like fever, bacteremia, or urinary tract infections.

Laboratory Tests:

To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory tests such as:

• Blood cultures: To identify bacteria in the bloodstream.
• Urine analysis: To detect bacteria in the urine.
• Imaging studies: Like chest X-rays or CT scans to evaluate lung or urinary tract involvement.

References:

[1] Ozcan N. Chryseobacterium indologenes infections in immunocompromised patients. [2] Miyakawa A. Clinical and epidemiological features of Chryseobacterium indologenes infections: analysis of 215 cases.