subglottis benign neoplasm

A subglottic benign neoplasm, also known as a subglottic hemangioma or granular cell tumor, is a rare and non-cancerous growth that occurs in the subglottic area of the larynx. This type of neoplasm is typically characterized by:

• A large mass of blood vessels (hemangioma) in the airway, usually below the vocal chords [4]
• Rapid growth for six to 12 months [4]
• Rare occurrence in the pediatric population, particularly in the head and neck region [5]

Subglottic benign neoplasms can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations. They are often associated with other cutaneous hemangiomas and may present in early infancy [9].

Symptoms of subglottic benign neoplasms may include difficulty breathing or swallowing due to airway obstruction. Treatment usually involves removing the growth, which can be done through surgical procedures.

It's worth noting that while subglottic benign neoplasms are non-cancerous, they can still cause significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition.

References: [4] - A subglottic hemangioma is a large mass of blood vessels in the airway, typically below the vocal chords. [5] - Granular cell tumors are rare and benign soft tissue neoplasms, particularly in the pediatric population. [9] - Subglottic hemangiomas are hamartomas arising in the subglottis associated with other cutaneous hemangiomas.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Subglottic Benign Neoplasms

Subglottic benign neoplasms, also known as tumors, can cause a variety of symptoms due to their location in the lower portion of the voice box (larynx). The most common signs and symptoms include:

• Difficulty breathing: Due to the narrow space between the trachea and the larynx, breathing difficulties are often the first symptom noticed by patients.
• Hoarseness or changes in voice: Although less common than difficulty breathing, hoarseness or changes in voice can occur if the tumor grows superiorly and affects the vocal cords.
• Coughing: A persistent cough may be present, which can sound like croup (a high-pitched, barking cough).
• Noisy breathing or stridor: In severe cases, patients may experience noisy breathing or a high-pitched sound while inhaling (stridor).

These symptoms are often similar to those experienced by individuals with subglottic cancer. However, it's essential to note that only a proper medical examination and testing can determine whether the lesion is benign or malignant.

References:

• [3] Benign laryngeal tumors have similar symptoms to throat cancer.
• [7] Overall, tumors of the subglottis are 64% benign and 36% malignant. They present with a highly variable combination of hoarseness, stridor, obstruction, and other symptoms.
• [9] Symptoms such as hoarseness and stridor may indicate the location of the lesion, which could be present at any of the laryngeal subsites at different stages.

Please consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Diagnostic Tests for Subglottic Benign Neoplasm

The diagnostic tests for a subglottic benign neoplasm, also known as a subglottic stenosis (SGS), are crucial in confirming the presence and extent of the condition. Here are some of the diagnostic tests that may be used:

• Imaging Studies: These include radiography, MRI, CT scanning, and others [1]. Imaging studies can help identify the location and size of the neoplasm.
• Spirometry: Spirometry is a non-invasive test that measures lung function and can aid in diagnosing SGS [3].
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan with multiplanar reconstruction can be useful in evaluating the length and width of the stenotic region [4].
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI is useful in evaluating the length and width of the stenotic region by means of coronal and sagittal views [9].
• Endoscopy: Endoscopy can be used to directly visualize the subglottic area and aid in diagnosis and surgical planning [7].

Diagnostic Accuracy

The diagnostic accuracy of spirometry as a screening tool for adult patients with benign subglottic stenosis has been studied, and it was found to have a certain level of accuracy [3].

Other Tests

Other tests that may be used to aid in the diagnosis and management of SGS include radiographic, serologic, and reflux testing [4]. However, the best method of diagnosis is still considered to be direct visualization on bronchoscopy.

References:

[1] Schuering JHC (2023) - The diagnostic accuracy of spirometry as screening tool for adult patients with a benign subglottic stenosis. [3] Pasick LJ (2022) - Diagnosis and management of SGS are aided by radiographic, serologic, and reflux testing. [4] Hoetzenecker K (2019) - Preoperative assessment of benign subglottic stenosis is usually performed by endoscopy and a computed tomography scan. [7] Ko JM (2006) - Chest CT is useful for identifying the endobronchial mass, but there are no specific imaging features for the diagnosis of granular cell tumor.

Treatment Options for Subglottic Benign Neoplasms

Subglottic hemangiomas, a type of benign tumor in the subglottic area, can be treated with various medical therapies. The most commonly used treatment options include:

• Propranolol: A beta-blocker that has been shown to be effective in treating subglottic hemangiomas. It is often used as a first-line treatment and can help reduce the size of the tumor [2, 5].
• Steroids: Steroids may be used on their own or in combination with other treatments to help reduce inflammation and swelling in the affected area [1, 4].
• Corticosteroids: Intralesional or systemic corticosteroids can have an adjuvant role in treating subglottic hemangiomas [4].

Other Treatment Options

In some cases, additional treatment options may be considered, such as:

• Antireflux management: To manage symptoms and prevent complications related to reflux [5].
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: An antibiotic that may be used in combination with other treatments to help manage symptoms [5].

Important Note

It's essential to consult a medical professional for personalized advice on treating subglottic benign neoplasms. They can assess the individual case and recommend the most suitable treatment plan.

References:

[1] - Search result 2 [2] - Search result 10 [4] - Search result 4 [5] - Search result 5

The differential diagnosis for subglottic benign neoplasms includes a variety of conditions that can mimic the presentation of a benign tumor in this region.

• Papillomas: These are benign tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and can occur in the subglottic area. They are often multiple and can cause airway obstruction.
• Hemangiomas: Also known as subglottic hemangioma, these are benign vascular tumors that can cause airway obstruction and respiratory distress.
• Granular cell tumors: These are rare, benign soft tissue neoplasms that can occur in the larynx, including the subglottic area. They are often asymptomatic but can cause airway obstruction if large enough.
• Laryngeal granular cell tumors: These are a type of granular cell tumor that specifically occurs in the larynx and can be benign or malignant.
• Subglottic stenosis: This is a condition characterized by narrowing of the subglottic area, which can cause airway obstruction. While not typically considered a neoplasm, it can mimic the presentation of a benign tumor.

It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis for subglottic benign neoplasms also includes malignant conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma [3]. A thorough evaluation by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or other qualified healthcare provider is necessary to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment plan.

References:

[1] Refers to search result 8: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common vascular tumor and the most common benign tumor of infancy, developing in 5%–10% of infants... Subglottic hemangiomas are diagnosed at...

[2] Refers to search result 9: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common head and neck benign tumor in children with an incidence of 4-5 % in the general population, but involvement in the subglottic region is both rare and potentially life-threatening [1], [2].Subglottic hemangioma (SGH) accounts for 1.5 % of all congenital laryngeal anomalies [3], [4] and at time can lead to critical airway obstruction with mortality...

[3] Refers to search result 10: Granular cell tumors are rare and benign soft tissue neoplasms, particularly in the pediatric population... The present patient exhibited a laryngeal tumor in the anterior commissure of the subglottic area. Laryngeal tumors are rare, accounting for 3–10% of all GCT cases...

[4] Refers to search result 11: Nonepithelial tumors of the larynx are rare and represent a minority of all laryngeal neoplasms... Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance of these entities. However, unfamiliarity with these neoplasms can cause diagnostic difficulties for radiologists, especially because many of the imaging findings are nonspecific.

[5] Refers to search result 12: by HU Völker · 2007 · Cited by 78 — The differential diagnosis includes, apart from rare laryngeal sarcomas, reactive or benign spindle cell proliferations, such as nodular fasciitis, IMT, or...