obsolete diabetes mellitus insulin dependent type, not stated as uncontrolled, with neurological manifestations

Based on the search results, it appears that there are some outdated descriptions of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) that may be relevant to your query.

Type 1 diabetes was previously known as "juvenile diabetes" and is described in search result [13] as a chronic autoimmune condition where the body makes little to no insulin. However, this description does not explicitly mention neurological manifestations.

Search result [7] mentions that Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) has distinct causation and management compared to Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), but it does not specifically describe neurological manifestations.

On the other hand, search result [11] mentions that children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) show difficulties in response time, abstract reasoning, cognitive flexibility, and verbal abilities. This suggests that there may be some neurological manifestations associated with Type 1 diabetes.

However, it's worth noting that these descriptions are outdated and may not reflect the current understanding of Type 1 diabetes and its complications.

References:

• [13] Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is a chronic autoimmune condition that occurs when the body makes little to no insulin.
• [7] The division of diabetes into two major types has long been known. The current classification distinguishes type 1 (otherwise known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM).
• [11] In addition, multiple studies have reported that children with T1DM show difficulties in response time, abstract reasoning, cognitive flexibility and verbal abilities.

Based on the search results, here are the signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (insulin-dependent) with neurological manifestations:

• Pain and sensory disturbances: Diabetic patients may experience pain in various parts of their body, including the thighs, lower back or pelvis, chest, stomach, or flank [3]. They may also have an ache behind one eye, double vision, trouble focusing the eyes, or an inability to move one side of the face [4].
• Autonomic dysfunction: Symptoms of diabetes-related autonomic neuropathy include indigestion, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, gas, diarrhea, and constipation [5]. This can lead to a range of complications, including gastroparesis.
• Sensory neuropathy: Diabetic patients may experience tingling and numbness in their feet, legs, hands, and arms [6]. They may also lose the ability to feel pain or other sensations in these areas.
• Neurological complications: Type 1 diabetes can cause a range of neurological complications, including axonopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, neurovascular diseases, and general cognitive impairment [7].
• Loss of sensation: Diabetic patients may experience loss of sensation in their toes, fingers, or other areas, which can be a sign of neuropathy [8].

It's worth noting that these symptoms are not specific to uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and can also occur in controlled cases. However, they are generally associated with the condition.

References: [3] - Severe pain in lower back or pelvis. [4] - Double vision, trouble focusing the eyes or an ache behind one eye. [5] - Symptoms of diabetes-related autonomic neuropathy ; Digestive system: Indigestion, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, gas, diarrhea and constipation. Gastroparesis ... [6] - Symptoms of sensory neuropathy in feet, legs, hands and arms · tingling and numbness · loss of ability to feel pain · loss of ability to feel ... [7] - Nervous system complications of DM include axonopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, neurovascular diseases, and general cognitive impairment. [8] - Diabetes can damage the nerves and cause a complication called neuropathy. This generally begins as loss of sensation in the toes, and possibly fingers.

Based on the search results, it appears that you are looking for diagnostic tests for a specific type of diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Diagnostic Tests

The following tests can be used to diagnose T1DM:

• Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG): This test checks blood glucose levels after an overnight fast, typically at least 8 hours without any calorie intake [5].
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): This test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months and is often used to diagnose diabetes and monitor its management [6].
• C-peptide levels: While not a reliable distinguishing factor between T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus, C-peptide levels can be measured to assess insulin production in the body [15].

Neurological Manifestations

In addition to these blood tests, neurological manifestations such as:

• Polyneuropathy: This condition can manifest as small, large, or mixed fiber neuropathy (SFN, LFN, and MFN, respectively) and is a common complication of diabetes [14].
• Autonomic Neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects the autonomic nervous system and can be diagnosed using electrophysiological tests [7].

Diagnostic Considerations

It's essential to note that these diagnostic tests should be used in conjunction with clinical evaluation, medical history, and other relevant factors. The presence of ketones in urine also suggests T1DM rather than type 2 diabetes [1].

Based on the search results, it appears that you are looking for a differential diagnosis for a case of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is no longer considered "insulin-dependent" and has neurological manifestations.

Differential Diagnosis:

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: This is a common form of DM that is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. It can present with neurological manifestations such as diabetic neuropathy, which affects the peripheral nerves (1, 3).
• LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults): This is a form of autoimmune diabetes that typically presents in adults and is often mistaken for Type 2 DM. LADA can also be associated with neurological symptoms (4).
• MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young): This is a rare form of monogenic diabetes that can present with neurological manifestations such as neuropathy (5).

Other Considerations:

• Wolfram Syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the pancreas, hypothalamus, and other parts of the body. It can cause DM, diabetes insipidus, and neurological symptoms (8).
• Autoimmune Neuropathies: These are conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that can present with neurological manifestations similar to those seen in diabetic neuropathy (9).

Key Points:

• The absence of insulin dependence does not rule out a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
• Neurological manifestations are common in DM and can be caused by various factors, including neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and other complications.
• A thorough differential diagnosis is necessary to determine the underlying cause of neurological symptoms in patients with DM.

References:

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