ICD-10: B66.5

Fasciolopsiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode (flatworm) Fasciolopsis buski, primarily affecting the intestines of humans and other mammals. This condition is classified under the ICD-10 code B66.5. Below is a detailed clinical description and relevant information regarding fasciolopsiasis.

Clinical Description of Fasciolopsiasis

Etiology

Fasciolopsiasis is caused by the ingestion of the metacercariae (larval stage) of Fasciolopsis buski, which are typically found in contaminated water or aquatic plants, such as water chestnuts and other edible vegetation. The life cycle of the parasite involves freshwater snails as intermediate hosts, where the larvae develop before being released into the environment.

Epidemiology

Fasciolopsiasis is most prevalent in Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like China, Thailand, and Vietnam, where the consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants is common. The disease is more frequently reported in rural areas where sanitation practices may be inadequate, and people are more likely to come into contact with contaminated water sources.

Clinical Manifestations

The clinical presentation of fasciolopsiasis can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal Pain: Often localized in the epigastric region.
• Diarrhea: May be intermittent and can vary in severity.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms can occur, particularly after eating.
• Weight Loss: Chronic infection may lead to malnutrition and weight loss due to impaired nutrient absorption.
• Anorexia: A decrease in appetite is common among affected individuals.

In severe cases, complications such as intestinal obstruction or perforation may occur, necessitating surgical intervention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis typically involves:

• Stool Examination: Microscopic examination of stool samples to identify eggs of Fasciolopsis buski.
• Serological Tests: These may be used to detect antibodies against the parasite, although they are less commonly employed.
• Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or CT scans may be utilized to assess for complications, such as intestinal obstruction.

Treatment

The primary treatment for fasciolopsiasis involves the use of anthelmintic medications. Praziquantel is the drug of choice, effectively targeting the adult worms. Treatment may also include supportive care to manage symptoms and complications.

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on improving sanitation and hygiene practices, including:

• Avoiding Consumption of Raw Aquatic Plants: Cooking vegetables thoroughly can kill the metacercariae.
• Improving Water Quality: Ensuring access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities can reduce transmission.
• Health Education: Raising awareness about the risks associated with consuming contaminated food and water.

Conclusion

Fasciolopsiasis, classified under ICD-10 code B66.5, is a significant public health concern in endemic regions. Understanding its clinical features, transmission routes, and preventive measures is crucial for effective management and control of this parasitic infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

Fasciolopsiasis, classified under ICD-10 code B66.5, is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode Fasciolopsis buski, primarily affecting the intestines. This condition is most prevalent in regions where the parasite's intermediate hosts, such as freshwater snails, are abundant, particularly in Southeast Asia. Understanding the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with fasciolopsiasis is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

Clinical Presentation

Signs and Symptoms

The clinical manifestations of fasciolopsiasis can vary significantly, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Abdominal Pain: Patients often report intermittent or persistent abdominal discomfort, which may be localized or diffuse.
• Diarrhea: Frequent, watery stools are common, sometimes accompanied by mucus.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms may occur, particularly in cases of severe infection.
• Anorexia: A loss of appetite is frequently noted, contributing to weight loss.
• Weight Loss: Chronic infection can lead to significant weight loss due to malabsorption and decreased food intake.
• Fatigue: Generalized weakness and fatigue are common, often related to nutritional deficiencies.
• Fever: In some cases, patients may present with low-grade fever, especially if there is a secondary bacterial infection.

Complications

In severe cases, fasciolopsiasis can lead to complications such as:

• Intestinal Obstruction: Large numbers of adult worms can cause blockage in the intestines.
• Perforation: Rarely, the presence of the parasite can lead to intestinal perforation, which is a medical emergency.
• Secondary Infections: The compromised intestinal mucosa may become susceptible to secondary bacterial infections.

Patient Characteristics

Demographics

Fasciolopsiasis predominantly affects individuals in rural areas of Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and China. Key patient characteristics include:

• Age: The infection is more common in children and young adults, likely due to dietary habits that include the consumption of contaminated aquatic plants.
• Occupation: Individuals involved in agriculture or aquaculture are at higher risk due to increased exposure to contaminated water sources and food.
• Socioeconomic Status: Poorer communities with limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities are more susceptible to fasciolopsiasis.

Risk Factors

Several risk factors contribute to the likelihood of contracting fasciolopsiasis:

• Consumption of Raw or Undercooked Aquatic Plants: Eating contaminated water plants, such as water chestnuts or bamboo shoots, is a primary transmission route.
• Poor Hygiene Practices: Inadequate sanitation and hygiene can facilitate the spread of the parasite.
• Environmental Factors: Areas with stagnant water bodies that support the life cycle of the intermediate snail host are at higher risk.

Conclusion

Fasciolopsiasis, indicated by ICD-10 code B66.5, presents a range of gastrointestinal symptoms that can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Understanding the clinical signs, symptoms, and patient demographics is essential for healthcare providers to recognize and manage this parasitic infection effectively. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. If you suspect fasciolopsiasis in a patient, consider their dietary habits, living conditions, and potential exposure to contaminated water sources as part of your assessment.

Fasciolopsiasis, classified under ICD-10 code B66.5, is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode Fasciolopsis buski. This condition primarily affects the intestines and is prevalent in regions where the parasite's intermediate hosts, such as freshwater snails, are found. Below are alternative names and related terms associated with this condition.

Alternative Names for Fasciolopsiasis

1. Intestinal Fluke Infection: This term broadly describes infections caused by various flukes, including Fasciolopsis buski.
2. Fasciolopsis Infection: A more general term that refers to infections caused by the Fasciolopsis genus.
3. Fasciolopsiasis Buski: This name emphasizes the specific species responsible for the infection.
4. Fasciolopsiasis Intestinalis: Another variant that highlights the intestinal aspect of the infection.

Related Terms

1. Trematodiasis: A broader category that includes infections caused by trematodes (flukes), of which fasciolopsiasis is a specific type.
2. Helminthiasis: This term refers to infections caused by helminths (parasitic worms), which includes both trematodes and other types of worms.
3. Fluke Infection: A general term for infections caused by flukes, which can include various species beyond Fasciolopsis buski.
4. Parasitic Infection: A broad term that encompasses all infections caused by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.

Clinical Context

Fasciolopsiasis is often associated with certain risk factors, such as consumption of contaminated water plants or inadequate sanitation practices. Understanding the alternative names and related terms can aid healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating this condition effectively.

In summary, fasciolopsiasis is primarily known by its ICD-10 code B66.5, but it is also referred to by various alternative names and related terms that reflect its nature as a parasitic infection caused by Fasciolopsis buski. Recognizing these terms can enhance communication among healthcare providers and improve patient care.

Fasciolopsiasis, classified under ICD-10 code B66.5, is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode (flatworm) Fasciolopsis buski. This infection primarily affects the intestines and is most commonly found in regions where the parasite's intermediate hosts, such as freshwater snails, are prevalent. The standard treatment approaches for fasciolopsiasis involve both pharmacological and supportive measures.

Pharmacological Treatment

1. Antiparasitic Medications

The primary treatment for fasciolopsiasis is the use of antiparasitic drugs. The most commonly prescribed medications include:

• Praziquantel: This is the first-line treatment for fasciolopsiasis. Praziquantel works by causing severe spasms and paralysis of the worms, leading to their detachment from the intestinal wall and subsequent elimination from the body. The typical dosage is 25 mg/kg body weight, administered in two or three doses over a day[1].

• Albendazole: Another effective option is albendazole, which is also used to treat various helminthic infections. The usual dosage is 400 mg taken orally once a day for three days. Albendazole disrupts the metabolism of the parasites, leading to their death[2].

2. Supportive Care

In addition to antiparasitic treatment, supportive care may be necessary, especially in cases where the infection has led to complications such as malnutrition or intestinal obstruction. Supportive measures can include:

• Nutritional Support: Patients may require dietary adjustments to address malnutrition, which can occur due to the parasite's interference with nutrient absorption.

• Hydration: Ensuring adequate fluid intake is crucial, particularly if the patient experiences diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Diagnosis and Monitoring

1. Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis typically involves stool examination to identify eggs of Fasciolopsis buski. Serological tests may also be employed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis[3].

2. Monitoring Treatment Efficacy

After initiating treatment, follow-up stool examinations are recommended to ensure that the infection has been cleared. This is usually done several weeks after completing the antiparasitic therapy[4].

Conclusion

Fasciolopsiasis, while a significant health concern in endemic areas, can be effectively treated with antiparasitic medications such as praziquantel and albendazole. Supportive care is also essential to manage symptoms and improve the patient's overall health. Regular monitoring post-treatment is crucial to confirm the eradication of the parasite and to prevent potential complications. If you suspect fasciolopsiasis or have further questions about treatment options, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.

References

1. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Treatment of helminth infections.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Parasites - Fasciolopsiasis.
3. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Fasciolopsiasis: A neglected tropical disease.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infections.

Fasciolopsiasis, classified under ICD-10 code B66.5, is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode (flatworm) Fasciolopsis buski. This infection primarily affects the intestines and is most commonly found in regions where the parasite's intermediate hosts, such as freshwater snails, are prevalent. Diagnosing fasciolopsiasis involves several criteria and methods, which are outlined below.

Diagnostic Criteria for Fasciolopsiasis (ICD-10 Code B66.5)

1. Clinical Symptoms

Patients with fasciolopsiasis may present with a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, which can include:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Malabsorption syndrome

These symptoms can vary in severity and may mimic other gastrointestinal disorders, making clinical evaluation essential for diagnosis[1].

2. Epidemiological History

A thorough patient history is crucial. Key factors include:
- Geographical Location: Patients living in or traveling to endemic areas (such as Southeast Asia) are at higher risk.
- Exposure History: Consumption of contaminated water plants (e.g., water chestnuts) or raw freshwater fish can increase the likelihood of infection[2].

3. Laboratory Tests

Laboratory confirmation is vital for a definitive diagnosis. The following tests are commonly employed:
- Stool Examination: The most common diagnostic method involves microscopic examination of stool samples to identify Fasciolopsis buski eggs. The eggs are typically oval and measure about 130-150 micrometers in length[3].
- Serological Tests: In some cases, serological tests may be used to detect antibodies against the parasite, although these are less common than stool examinations.
- Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or CT scans may be utilized to identify adult worms or associated complications, such as intestinal obstruction or inflammation[4].

4. Differential Diagnosis

It is important to differentiate fasciolopsiasis from other similar conditions, such as:
- Other helminthic infections (e.g., schistosomiasis)
- Bacterial infections causing gastrointestinal symptoms
- Inflammatory bowel diseases

This differentiation often requires a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms[5].

Conclusion

The diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis (ICD-10 code B66.5) relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, epidemiological history, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and management of the infection. If you suspect fasciolopsiasis, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate testing and diagnosis.

References

1. Clinical symptoms and epidemiological factors related to fasciolopsiasis.
2. Risk factors associated with fasciolopsiasis in endemic regions.
3. Laboratory methods for diagnosing fasciolopsiasis.
4. Imaging studies in the diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis.
5. Importance of differential diagnosis in gastrointestinal infections.