ICD-10: B74.1

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi is a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This parasitic infection is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites and can lead to various clinical manifestations. Below is a detailed overview of the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with ICD-10 code B74.1.

Clinical Presentation

Filariasis caused by Brugia malayi typically presents in two main forms: acute and chronic. The acute phase often occurs shortly after infection, while the chronic phase can develop over years, leading to more severe complications.

Acute Phase

In the acute phase, patients may experience:

• Fever: Often accompanied by chills and malaise.
• Lymphangitis: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, which may present as red streaks on the skin.
• Lymphadenopathy: Swelling of lymph nodes, particularly in the groin and armpits.
• Local Pain and Swelling: Affected areas may become painful and swollen, particularly in the limbs.

Chronic Phase

The chronic phase is characterized by more severe symptoms, including:

• Lymphatic Obstruction: This can lead to significant swelling, particularly in the legs, arms, and genital region.
• Elephantiasis: A severe form of lymphedema resulting in thickening and enlargement of the skin and underlying tissues, often affecting the lower limbs and genitalia.
• Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, leading to swelling.
• Skin Changes: Thickening and discoloration of the skin in affected areas.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Brugia malayi filariasis can vary widely among patients, but common indicators include:

• Swelling: Noticeable swelling in the extremities or genital area.
• Skin Changes: Thickened, hardened skin, often with a rough texture.
• Fever and Chills: Especially during acute episodes.
• Pain: Discomfort in swollen areas, particularly during acute attacks.
• Lymph Node Enlargement: Palpable lymph nodes in the groin or armpits.

Patient Characteristics

Certain patient characteristics may influence the presentation and severity of Brugia malayi filariasis:

• Geographic Location: The disease is endemic in parts of Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like India, Indonesia, and the Philippines, where the Anopheles mosquito, the primary vector, is prevalent.
• Age: While individuals of all ages can be affected, chronic manifestations such as elephantiasis are more common in adults due to prolonged exposure to the parasite.
• Gender: Males may be more frequently affected by hydrocele and genital lymphedema, possibly due to occupational exposure and behaviors that increase mosquito bites.
• Immunocompromised Status: Individuals with weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms and complications.

Conclusion

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi presents a range of clinical manifestations, from acute febrile episodes to chronic complications like elephantiasis and hydrocele. Understanding the signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with this condition is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Early intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this neglected tropical disease.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by filarial worms, and it is classified under the ICD-10-CM code B74.1, specifically referring to filariasis due to Brugia malayi. This species is one of the primary causative agents of lymphatic filariasis, particularly in Southeast Asia and parts of the Pacific Islands.

Clinical Description of Filariasis due to Brugia malayi

Etiology

Brugia malayi is a nematode (roundworm) that is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes, primarily those belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. The adult worms reside in the lymphatic system, where they can live for several years, producing microfilariae that circulate in the bloodstream and can be taken up by mosquitoes during a blood meal[1][2].

Symptoms

The clinical manifestations of filariasis due to Brugia malayi can vary significantly, ranging from asymptomatic to severe lymphatic dysfunction. Common symptoms include:

• Lymphadenopathy: Swelling of lymph nodes, particularly in the groin and armpits.
• Lymphedema: Accumulation of lymphatic fluid leading to swelling, often in the legs, arms, or genital region.
• Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, which can occur in males.
• Filarial fever: Episodes of fever that may occur due to the immune response to the parasites.
• Skin changes: Thickening and changes in skin texture, often referred to as "elephantiasis" in severe cases[3][4].

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of filariasis due to Brugia malayi typically involves:

• Clinical evaluation: Assessment of symptoms and medical history.
• Laboratory tests: Detection of microfilariae in blood samples, usually through thick blood smears or filtration techniques. Serological tests may also be used to identify specific antibodies against the parasite[5].
• Imaging studies: Ultrasound may be employed to visualize adult worms in the lymphatic vessels or to assess the extent of lymphedema[6].

Treatment

The treatment for filariasis primarily focuses on alleviating symptoms and managing complications. Antiparasitic medications, such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin, are used to kill the microfilariae and adult worms. In cases of severe lymphedema or hydrocele, surgical interventions may be necessary to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life[7][8].

Prevention

Preventive measures include controlling mosquito populations, using insect repellent, and wearing protective clothing to reduce the risk of bites. Mass drug administration (MDA) programs in endemic areas aim to reduce transmission by treating entire populations with antiparasitic medications[9].

Conclusion

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi is a significant public health concern in many tropical regions. Understanding its clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention of this debilitating disease. Continued efforts in vector control and community health education are essential to reduce the burden of filariasis globally.

References

1. ICD-10-CM Code for Filariasis B74.
2. 2025 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code B74.1.
3. Roundworms, Tissue | 5-Minute Clinical Consult.
4. 2025 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code B74: Filariasis.
5. ICD-10 International statistical classification of diseases.
6. ICD-10-CM TABULAR LIST of DISEASES and INJURIES.
7. ICD-10-CM/PCS MS-DRG v37.0 Definitions Manual.
8. icd10cm - Medical Codes.
9. ICD-10 International statistical classification of diseases.

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi, classified under ICD-10 code B74.1, is a specific type of filariasis caused by the parasitic worm Brugia malayi. This condition is primarily associated with lymphatic filariasis, which can lead to significant morbidity due to its effects on the lymphatic system. Below are alternative names and related terms associated with this condition.

Alternative Names

1. Brugia malayi Infection: This term directly refers to the infection caused by the Brugia malayi parasite.
2. Lymphatic Filariasis: While this term encompasses filariasis caused by various parasites, it is often used in the context of Brugia malayi, especially in regions where this species is prevalent.
3. Malayan Filariasis: This name highlights the geographical association of Brugia malayi, as it is commonly found in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia.
4. Tropical Lymphangitis: This term may be used in clinical settings to describe the lymphatic inflammation associated with Brugia malayi infection.

Related Terms

1. Filariasis: A broader term that includes all types of filarial infections, including those caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and other species.
2. Wuchereria bancrofti: Another species of filarial worm that causes lymphatic filariasis, often mentioned in discussions about filarial infections.
3. Elephantiasis: A severe complication of lymphatic filariasis, characterized by extreme swelling of limbs and other body parts, often associated with Brugia malayi.
4. Lymphatic Obstruction: A condition resulting from the infection, leading to swelling and other complications.
5. Filarial Lymphangitis: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels due to filarial infection, which can occur in cases of Brugia malayi.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for ICD-10 code B74.1 is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and communication in clinical settings. These terms not only help in identifying the specific type of filariasis but also in recognizing its broader implications within the context of tropical diseases and public health. If you need further information or specific details about treatment or epidemiology, feel free to ask!

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi, classified under ICD-10 code B74.1, is a parasitic disease primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. The diagnosis of this condition involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and epidemiological factors. Below are the key criteria used for diagnosis:

Clinical Criteria

1. Symptoms: Patients may present with a range of symptoms, including:
   - Lymphedema (swelling due to lymphatic obstruction)
   - Hydrocele (fluid accumulation in the scrotum)
   - Elephantiasis (severe swelling of limbs or genitalia)
   - Fever and chills, particularly during acute episodes of lymphangitis.

2. History of Exposure: A history of living in or traveling to endemic areas where Brugia malayi is prevalent is crucial. This includes regions in Southeast Asia and parts of the Pacific Islands.

Laboratory Criteria

1. Microfilariae Detection: The definitive diagnosis is often made by identifying the presence of B. malayi microfilariae in the blood. This can be done through:
   - Blood Smear: A thick or thin blood smear can be examined under a microscope to detect microfilariae.
   - Filtration Techniques: Concentration techniques may be used to enhance detection rates.

2. Serological Tests: Serological assays can be employed to detect antibodies or antigens related to B. malayi. These tests can be particularly useful in cases where microfilariae are not detectable due to low parasitemia.

3. Molecular Techniques: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods can be utilized to identify B. malayi DNA in blood samples, providing a highly sensitive diagnostic tool.

Imaging Studies

• Ultrasound: Imaging studies, particularly ultrasound, can help visualize lymphatic obstruction and associated complications, such as hydrocele or lymphadenopathy.

Epidemiological Criteria

• Geographical Distribution: The diagnosis is supported by the presence of the disease in areas known to harbor B. malayi vectors, such as certain species of mosquitoes (e.g., Anopheles and Aedes).

Conclusion

The diagnosis of filariasis due to Brugia malayi (ICD-10 code B74.1) relies on a comprehensive approach that includes clinical assessment, laboratory confirmation through microfilariae detection, serological tests, and consideration of the patient's travel history and geographical exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications associated with this neglected tropical disease.

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi, classified under ICD-10 code B74.1, is a parasitic infection primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. This condition is a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in parts of Asia. The standard treatment approaches for this disease focus on both the management of symptoms and the elimination of the parasite.

Overview of Filariasis

Filariasis is caused by filarial worms, with Brugia malayi being one of the primary species responsible for lymphatic filariasis. The infection can lead to severe complications, including lymphedema and hydrocele, which can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals[1][2].

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Antiparasitic Medications

The cornerstone of treatment for filariasis caused by Brugia malayi includes the use of antiparasitic medications. The following drugs are commonly used:

• Diethylcarbamazine (DEC): This is the primary drug used for treating lymphatic filariasis. DEC works by killing the adult worms and microfilariae, thereby reducing the transmission of the disease. It is typically administered in a single dose or over a short course, depending on the severity of the infection[3][4].

• Ivermectin: While primarily used for other parasitic infections, ivermectin can be effective in combination with DEC for treating filariasis. It helps in reducing the microfilarial load and is often used in mass drug administration programs[5].

• Albendazole: This medication is sometimes used in conjunction with DEC or ivermectin to enhance the efficacy of treatment. It acts by inhibiting the metabolism of the parasites, leading to their death[6].

2. Symptomatic Management

In addition to antiparasitic treatment, managing symptoms and complications is crucial:

• Management of Lymphedema: Patients with lymphedema may benefit from physical therapy, compression bandaging, and hygiene measures to prevent secondary infections. Elevation of affected limbs can also help reduce swelling[7].

• Surgical Interventions: In cases where hydrocele or severe lymphedema occurs, surgical options may be considered. Surgical procedures can help alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients[8].

3. Preventive Measures

Preventive strategies are essential in controlling the spread of filariasis:

• Vector Control: Reducing mosquito populations through insecticide spraying, use of bed nets, and environmental management can significantly decrease transmission rates[9].

• Mass Drug Administration (MDA): In endemic areas, MDA programs are implemented to treat entire populations, thereby reducing the reservoir of infection and preventing new cases[10].

Conclusion

The treatment of filariasis due to Brugia malayi involves a combination of antiparasitic medications, symptomatic management, and preventive measures. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications associated with the disease. Public health initiatives focusing on vector control and mass drug administration play a vital role in reducing the incidence of this neglected tropical disease. Continued research and awareness are necessary to improve treatment outcomes and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.

For further information or specific case management, consulting healthcare professionals with expertise in tropical medicine is recommended.