ICD-10: B81.3

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, classified under ICD-10 code B81.3, is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Angiostrongylus species, primarily Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This condition is significant in public health due to its potential to cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.

Clinical Description

Etiology

Angiostrongyliasis is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, particularly raw or undercooked snails, slugs, or contaminated vegetables. The larvae migrate through the host's body, leading to various clinical manifestations, particularly affecting the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms

The clinical presentation of intestinal angiostrongyliasis can vary widely among individuals. Common symptoms include:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Patients may experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These symptoms arise as the larvae invade the intestinal wall, leading to inflammation and irritation.
• Neurological Symptoms: In more severe cases, particularly with A. cantonensis, patients may develop eosinophilic meningitis, characterized by headache, fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. This occurs due to the larvae's migration to the central nervous system.
• Systemic Symptoms: Fever and malaise are also common, reflecting the body’s immune response to the infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of intestinal angiostrongyliasis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Key diagnostic methods include:

• Serological Tests: Detection of specific antibodies against Angiostrongylus species can support the diagnosis.
• Stool Examination: Microscopic examination of stool samples may reveal larvae or eggs, although this is less common.
• Imaging Studies: In cases of neurological involvement, MRI or CT scans may be utilized to identify any abnormalities in the central nervous system.

Treatment

Treatment for intestinal angiostrongyliasis is primarily supportive, focusing on alleviating symptoms. In cases of severe infection, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation, particularly in neurological cases. Antiparasitic medications are not typically effective against Angiostrongylus larvae once they have migrated to the central nervous system.

Epidemiology

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, where the environmental conditions favor the survival of the intermediate hosts (snails and slugs). Outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of contaminated food sources, highlighting the importance of public health education regarding food safety.

Conclusion

ICD-10 code B81.3 for intestinal angiostrongyliasis encompasses a range of clinical manifestations primarily affecting the gastrointestinal and nervous systems. Understanding the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for healthcare providers to manage this parasitic infection effectively. Public health measures aimed at preventing contamination of food sources are essential to reduce the incidence of this disease.

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, classified under ICD-10 code B81.3, is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Angiostrongylus species, primarily Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This condition is most commonly associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water, particularly raw or undercooked snails and slugs, which serve as intermediate hosts for the parasite. Below is a detailed overview of the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with this condition.

Clinical Presentation

Signs and Symptoms

The clinical presentation of intestinal angiostrongyliasis can vary significantly among patients, but common signs and symptoms include:

• Abdominal Pain: Patients often report cramping or sharp abdominal pain, which can be localized or diffuse.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal upset is common, with many patients experiencing nausea and occasional vomiting.
• Diarrhea: Watery diarrhea may occur, sometimes accompanied by mucus or blood, indicating inflammation of the intestinal lining.
• Fever: A low-grade fever may be present, reflecting the body’s immune response to the infection.
• Fatigue and Malaise: General feelings of tiredness and malaise are frequently reported, as the body expends energy fighting the infection.
• Weight Loss: Chronic cases may lead to unintentional weight loss due to malabsorption and decreased appetite.

Additional Symptoms

In some cases, particularly with more severe infections, patients may also experience:

• Neurological Symptoms: Although primarily intestinal, Angiostrongylus cantonensis can migrate to the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as headache, neck stiffness, and in severe cases, meningitis or encephalitis.
• Skin Reactions: Allergic reactions or rashes may occur in response to the parasite or its antigens.

Patient Characteristics

Demographics

• Geographic Distribution: Intestinal angiostrongyliasis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and parts of the Caribbean.
• Age: While individuals of any age can be affected, children and young adults may be at higher risk due to dietary habits that include raw or undercooked snails and slugs.

Risk Factors

• Dietary Habits: Consumption of raw or undercooked snails, slugs, or contaminated vegetables is a significant risk factor.
• Environmental Exposure: Individuals living in or traveling to endemic areas are at increased risk, especially if they engage in activities that expose them to potential hosts of the parasite.
• Immunocompromised Status: Patients with weakened immune systems may experience more severe manifestations of the disease.

Conclusion

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, represented by ICD-10 code B81.3, presents with a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea, alongside potential neurological complications. Understanding the clinical presentation and patient characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Awareness of dietary risks and environmental factors can help in preventing this parasitic infection, particularly in endemic regions. If you suspect a case of intestinal angiostrongyliasis, it is essential to seek medical attention for appropriate testing and treatment.

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, classified under ICD-10 code B81.3, is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Angiostrongylus species, primarily Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This condition is often associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water, particularly raw or undercooked snails and slugs.

Alternative Names

1. Eosinophilic Meningitis: While this term primarily refers to the neurological complications associated with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, it is sometimes used interchangeably in discussions about the broader impacts of the infection.
2. Rat Lungworm Disease: This name is derived from the primary host of the parasite, which is often found in rats. The term is more commonly used in the context of the infection's transmission and epidemiology.
3. Angiostrongyliasis: A more general term that encompasses infections caused by various species of Angiostrongylus, including those affecting the intestines.

Related Terms

• Helminthiasis: A broader term that refers to infections caused by helminths (parasitic worms), which includes intestinal angiostrongyliasis as a specific type.
• Parasitic Infection: A general term that describes infections caused by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
• Eosinophilia: A condition characterized by an elevated number of eosinophils in the blood, which can occur in response to parasitic infections, including angiostrongyliasis.
• Foodborne Illness: Since intestinal angiostrongyliasis can be contracted through contaminated food, it falls under the broader category of foodborne diseases.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for ICD-10 code B81.3 can enhance communication among healthcare professionals and improve patient education regarding the risks and transmission of intestinal angiostrongyliasis. This knowledge is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies in managing this parasitic infection.

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, classified under ICD-10 code B81.3, is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Angiostrongylus species, primarily Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This condition is often associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water, particularly raw or undercooked snails and slugs. The diagnosis of intestinal angiostrongyliasis involves several criteria, which can be categorized into clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory findings.

Clinical Criteria

1. Symptoms: Patients typically present with gastrointestinal symptoms, which may include:
   - Abdominal pain
   - Nausea and vomiting
   - Diarrhea
   - Anorexia
   - Weight loss

2. Neurological Symptoms: In some cases, especially in severe infections, neurological symptoms may also manifest, such as:
   - Headaches
   - Meningitis-like symptoms
   - Altered mental status

Epidemiological Criteria

1. Exposure History: A significant aspect of the diagnosis is the patient's history of exposure to potential sources of infection, including:
   - Consumption of raw or undercooked snails or slugs
   - Contact with contaminated water or soil, particularly in endemic areas

2. Geographical Considerations: The prevalence of Angiostrongylus species varies by region, so a history of travel to endemic areas can support the diagnosis.

Laboratory Criteria

1. Serological Tests: Laboratory confirmation can be achieved through serological tests that detect antibodies against Angiostrongylus species. However, these tests may not always be available or reliable.

2. Stool Examination: Microscopic examination of stool samples may reveal larvae or eggs, although this is less common due to the lifecycle of the parasite.

3. Imaging Studies: In cases where neurological symptoms are present, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may be utilized to identify any associated complications, such as eosinophilic meningitis.

4. Histopathological Examination: In rare cases, tissue biopsies may be performed to identify the presence of the parasite.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of intestinal angiostrongyliasis (ICD-10 code B81.3) relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, exposure history, and laboratory findings. Given the potential for severe complications, particularly in neurological cases, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial. If you suspect a case of intestinal angiostrongyliasis, it is essential to consult healthcare professionals for appropriate testing and management.

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis, classified under ICD-10 code B81.3, is caused by the parasitic infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This condition is most commonly associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water, particularly raw or undercooked snails and slugs, which serve as intermediate hosts for the larvae.

Overview of Intestinal Angiostrongyliasis

Angiostrongyliasis can lead to a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it may cause more serious complications such as eosinophilic meningitis, particularly when the larvae migrate to the central nervous system. The treatment approach for intestinal angiostrongyliasis focuses on symptom management and supportive care, as there is no specific antiparasitic treatment approved for this condition.

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Symptomatic Management

• Pain Relief: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to alleviate abdominal pain and discomfort.
• Antiemetics: Medications like ondansetron may be prescribed to control nausea and vomiting.
• Hydration: Maintaining hydration is crucial, especially if the patient experiences diarrhea. Oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids may be necessary in severe cases.

2. Monitoring and Supportive Care

• Observation: Patients are often monitored for the progression of symptoms. In many cases, the infection resolves spontaneously without the need for aggressive treatment.
• Nutritional Support: If gastrointestinal symptoms are severe, dietary modifications may be necessary to ensure adequate nutrition while minimizing discomfort.

3. Antiparasitic Treatment (Experimental)

While there is no universally accepted antiparasitic treatment for intestinal angiostrongyliasis, some studies have explored the use of medications such as:

• Albendazole: This broad-spectrum anthelmintic has shown some efficacy against various helminth infections, but its effectiveness specifically for Angiostrongylus cantonensis is not well established.
• Ivermectin: This drug is primarily used for other parasitic infections but has been investigated for its potential effects on Angiostrongylus species.

4. Prevention Strategies

Preventive measures are crucial in managing the risk of infection. These include:

• Food Safety: Avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked snails, slugs, or contaminated vegetables.
• Hygiene Practices: Ensuring proper handwashing and sanitation, especially in areas where the parasite is endemic.

Conclusion

In summary, the management of intestinal angiostrongyliasis primarily revolves around symptomatic treatment and supportive care, as there is no specific approved antiparasitic therapy for this condition. Patients are encouraged to follow preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection. Ongoing research may provide further insights into effective treatments in the future, but current approaches focus on alleviating symptoms and monitoring the patient's condition closely.