ICD-10: C83.74

Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the rapid proliferation of B-lymphoid cells. The ICD-10 code C83.74 specifically refers to Burkitt lymphoma that affects the lymph nodes of the axilla (armpit area) and upper limb. Below is a detailed clinical description and relevant information regarding this condition.

Clinical Description of Burkitt Lymphoma

Overview

Burkitt lymphoma is classified as a type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is known for its fast growth rate. It is most commonly seen in children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. The disease is associated with chromosomal translocations, particularly involving the MYC gene, which plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and growth.

Types of Burkitt Lymphoma

There are three main types of Burkitt lymphoma:
1. Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: Commonly found in Africa, often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and typically presents with jaw lesions in children.
2. Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma: More prevalent in the United States and Europe, this form usually presents with abdominal masses and can involve the lymph nodes.
3. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt Lymphoma: Occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

Symptoms

Patients with Burkitt lymphoma may present with a variety of symptoms, including:
- Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the axillary region.
- Abdominal pain or swelling if the abdomen is involved.
- Fever, night sweats, and weight loss (B symptoms).
- Fatigue and general malaise.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical Examination: Assessment of lymphadenopathy and other systemic symptoms.
- Imaging Studies: CT scans or PET scans to evaluate the extent of the disease.
- Biopsy: A definitive diagnosis is made through histological examination of lymph node tissue, which reveals characteristic features such as a high proliferation index and the presence of starry sky appearance due to interspersed macrophages.

Treatment

Treatment for Burkitt lymphoma is aggressive and often includes:
- Chemotherapy: Intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens are standard, often including drugs like cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and methotrexate.
- Targeted Therapy: In some cases, targeted therapies may be used, especially if there are specific genetic markers.
- Stem Cell Transplantation: This may be considered in relapsed cases or for high-risk patients.

ICD-10 Code C83.74 Specifics

The ICD-10 code C83.74 is specifically designated for Burkitt lymphoma affecting the lymph nodes of the axilla and upper limb. This code is part of the broader category of non-follicular lymphoma (C83) and is crucial for accurate medical billing and coding, ensuring that healthcare providers can effectively document and manage cases of this aggressive lymphoma.

Importance of Accurate Coding

Accurate coding is essential for:
- Insurance Reimbursement: Ensures that healthcare providers are reimbursed for the treatment provided.
- Epidemiological Tracking: Helps in tracking the incidence and prevalence of specific diseases, which is vital for public health planning and resource allocation.
- Clinical Research: Facilitates research efforts by providing a standardized way to categorize and analyze patient data.

Conclusion

Burkitt lymphoma, particularly when localized to the lymph nodes of the axilla and upper limb, represents a critical area of focus in oncology due to its aggressive nature and the need for prompt treatment. The ICD-10 code C83.74 serves as an important tool for healthcare professionals in diagnosing, treating, and managing this condition effectively. Understanding the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options is essential for improving patient outcomes in those affected by this aggressive lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma, particularly the variant coded as ICD-10 C83.74, which refers to Burkitt lymphoma affecting the lymph nodes of the axilla and upper limb, is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Understanding its clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical Presentation

Overview of Burkitt Lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma is characterized by rapid tumor growth and is often associated with a high proliferation index. It can present in various forms, including endemic (often seen in Africa), sporadic (more common in the Western world), and immunodeficiency-associated types. The sporadic form typically presents in the abdomen, but when it involves the lymph nodes of the axilla and upper limb, it can lead to specific clinical manifestations.

Signs and Symptoms

Patients with Burkitt lymphoma affecting the axillary and upper limb lymph nodes may exhibit the following signs and symptoms:

• Lymphadenopathy: The most common presentation is the enlargement of lymph nodes in the axilla (armpit) and upper limb. These nodes may be firm, non-tender, and can vary in size from a few centimeters to larger masses.
• Systemic Symptoms: Patients often experience systemic symptoms such as:
• Fever: Persistent or intermittent fevers are common.
• Night Sweats: Profuse sweating during the night.
• Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss is frequently reported.
• Local Symptoms: Depending on the extent of lymph node involvement, patients may experience:
• Pain or Discomfort: Localized pain in the affected area, especially if the lymph nodes compress surrounding structures.
• Swelling: Edema in the upper limb due to lymphatic obstruction.
• B Symptoms: These include fever, drenching night sweats, and weight loss exceeding 10% of body weight over six months, which are indicative of aggressive lymphomas.

Patient Characteristics

Burkitt lymphoma can affect individuals of various ages, but certain characteristics are more prevalent:

• Age: It is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults, particularly those under 20 years of age. However, sporadic cases can occur in older adults as well.
• Gender: There is a slight male predominance in the incidence of Burkitt lymphoma.
• Immunocompromised Status: Patients with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at a higher risk for developing Burkitt lymphoma.
• Geographic Variability: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma is more common in regions of Africa, often associated with malaria, while sporadic cases are more prevalent in developed countries.

Conclusion

Burkitt lymphoma, particularly when affecting the lymph nodes of the axilla and upper limb (ICD-10 code C83.74), presents with distinctive clinical features, including lymphadenopathy, systemic symptoms, and specific patient demographics. Early recognition of these signs and symptoms is vital for prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment, which typically involves aggressive chemotherapy regimens. Understanding the characteristics of this lymphoma can aid healthcare providers in managing affected patients effectively.

Burkitt lymphoma, classified under ICD-10 code C83.74, specifically refers to a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the lymph nodes in the axilla (armpit) and upper limb. This aggressive form of lymphoma is characterized by rapid growth and is often associated with specific genetic mutations. Below are alternative names and related terms associated with this condition.

Alternative Names for Burkitt Lymphoma

1. Burkitt's Lymphoma: This is a common variation in naming, often used interchangeably with "Burkitt lymphoma."
2. Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: This term refers to the form of Burkitt lymphoma that is commonly found in Africa, often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and endemic malaria.
3. Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma: This variant occurs more frequently in non-endemic regions, such as the United States and Europe, and is not linked to EBV in the same way as the endemic form.
4. AIDS-related Burkitt Lymphoma: This term is used when Burkitt lymphoma occurs in patients with HIV/AIDS, highlighting its association with immunocompromised states.

Related Terms

1. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): Burkitt lymphoma is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which encompasses a diverse group of blood cancers that include various lymphomas.
2. Lymphoproliferative Disorders: This broader category includes conditions characterized by the excessive proliferation of lymphocytes, including various types of lymphomas.
3. B-cell Lymphoma: Burkitt lymphoma is classified as a B-cell lymphoma, indicating that it originates from B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
4. Lymphadenopathy: This term refers to the enlargement of lymph nodes, which is a common symptom in patients with Burkitt lymphoma.
5. C83.7: This is the broader ICD-10 code for Burkitt lymphoma, which encompasses all forms of the disease, while C83.74 specifies the involvement of lymph nodes in the axilla and upper limb.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for ICD-10 code C83.74 is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and communication among healthcare professionals. Burkitt lymphoma, with its aggressive nature and specific lymphatic involvement, requires precise terminology to ensure effective management and care. If you have further questions or need more detailed information about Burkitt lymphoma or its classifications, feel free to ask!

Burkitt lymphoma, classified under ICD-10 code C83.74, is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects lymphoid tissue. The diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, laboratory tests, and histopathological examination. Below are the key criteria and steps typically used in the diagnosis of this condition.

Clinical Presentation

1. Symptoms: Patients may present with symptoms such as:
   - Rapidly enlarging lymph nodes, particularly in the axillary region.
   - Abdominal pain or swelling if the abdomen is involved.
   - Fever, night sweats, and weight loss (B symptoms).
   - Fatigue and general malaise.

2. Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination is essential to identify lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or any other systemic signs of lymphoma.

Imaging Studies

1. CT Scans: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis are commonly used to assess the extent of lymphadenopathy and to identify any extranodal involvement.

2. PET Scans: Positron emission tomography (PET) scans may be utilized to evaluate metabolic activity in lymph nodes and to help stage the disease.

Laboratory Tests

1. Blood Tests: Complete blood counts (CBC) may reveal cytopenias or elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, which can indicate aggressive disease.

2. Bone Marrow Biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy may be performed to assess for involvement of the bone marrow, which is common in Burkitt lymphoma.

Histopathological Examination

1. Biopsy: A biopsy of the affected lymph node is crucial for diagnosis. The tissue sample is examined microscopically to identify characteristic features of Burkitt lymphoma, including:
   - A high proliferation index (often >90%).
   - A starry sky appearance due to interspersed macrophages.
   - Monomorphic population of medium-sized lymphoid cells.

2. Immunophenotyping: Flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry is used to determine the expression of specific surface markers. Burkitt lymphoma typically expresses:
   - CD19, CD20, and CD10.
   - It is usually negative for CD5 and CD23, which helps differentiate it from other types of lymphoma.

3. Genetic Testing: The presence of the MYC gene rearrangement is a hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma. This can be identified through techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Conclusion

The diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma (ICD-10 code C83.74) is a multifaceted process that requires careful clinical assessment, imaging studies, laboratory tests, and histopathological evaluation. The combination of these diagnostic criteria helps ensure accurate identification of this aggressive lymphoma, which is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy. If you have further questions or need more specific information, feel free to ask!

Burkitt lymphoma, classified under ICD-10 code C83.74, is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by rapid cell proliferation. It primarily affects lymph nodes, including those in the axilla (armpit) and upper limb. Understanding the standard treatment approaches for this condition is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Overview of Burkitt Lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma is categorized into three main types: endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated. The endemic form is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is more common in Africa, while the sporadic type is prevalent in other regions, including the United States. The immunodeficiency-associated type typically occurs in patients with HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromised states[1].

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for Burkitt lymphoma. The most commonly used regimens include:

• CODOX-M/IVAC: This regimen combines cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate, and cytarabine. It is often administered in cycles and is known for its effectiveness against aggressive lymphomas[2].
• Hyper-CVAD: This regimen includes cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone, followed by high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine. It is particularly used for patients with high-risk features[3].

These regimens are designed to achieve rapid remission due to the aggressive nature of the disease.

2. Targeted Therapy

In some cases, targeted therapies may be employed, especially if the lymphoma expresses specific markers. For instance, the use of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, can be beneficial in patients with CD20-positive Burkitt lymphoma. This therapy is often combined with chemotherapy to enhance treatment efficacy[4].

3. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is not typically the primary treatment for Burkitt lymphoma but may be used in specific scenarios, such as localized disease or to manage symptoms. It can be particularly useful in cases where there is a significant mass effect or when the lymphoma is confined to a specific area[5].

4. Stem Cell Transplantation

For patients with relapsed or refractory Burkitt lymphoma, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be considered. This approach is generally reserved for younger patients or those with a good performance status, as it involves significant risks and requires careful patient selection[6].

5. Supportive Care

Supportive care is essential throughout the treatment process. This includes managing side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea, infections, and anemia. Prophylactic measures, such as antibiotics and growth factors, may be employed to prevent complications associated with immunosuppression[7].

Conclusion

The treatment of Burkitt lymphoma, particularly for cases coded as C83.74, involves a multi-faceted approach primarily centered on aggressive chemotherapy regimens. The choice of treatment is influenced by various factors, including the patient's overall health, the specific characteristics of the lymphoma, and the presence of any comorbid conditions. Ongoing research continues to refine these treatment strategies, aiming to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with this challenging malignancy. Regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial to assess treatment response and manage any potential complications effectively.

For further information or personalized treatment options, consulting with a hematologist or oncologist specializing in lymphomas is recommended.