ICD-10: D53.2

Scorbutic anemia, classified under ICD-10 code D53.2, is a specific type of anemia that arises due to a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). This condition is characterized by a combination of symptoms related to both anemia and the systemic effects of vitamin C deficiency.

Clinical Description

Definition

Scorbutic anemia is primarily associated with a lack of vitamin C, which is essential for the synthesis of collagen, the absorption of iron, and the overall maintenance of healthy blood vessels. The deficiency can lead to symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor, alongside other systemic manifestations of scurvy, including bleeding gums, joint pain, and skin issues.

Symptoms

Patients with scorbutic anemia may present with a variety of symptoms, including:
- Fatigue and Weakness: Due to reduced hemoglobin levels and overall poor oxygen transport.
- Pallor: A common sign of anemia.
- Bleeding Gums: A hallmark of vitamin C deficiency.
- Joint Pain and Swelling: Often due to weakened connective tissues.
- Skin Changes: Such as bruising and petechiae, which are small red or purple spots caused by bleeding under the skin.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of scorbutic anemia involves impaired collagen synthesis due to insufficient vitamin C, leading to weakened blood vessels and increased fragility. This results in bleeding tendencies and contributes to the anemia observed in affected individuals. Additionally, vitamin C plays a crucial role in iron metabolism, and its deficiency can lead to decreased iron absorption, further exacerbating anemia[1][2].

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of scorbutic anemia typically involves:
- Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of symptoms and dietary history to identify potential vitamin C deficiency.
- Laboratory Tests: Complete blood count (CBC) to confirm anemia, along with serum vitamin C levels to establish deficiency. Other tests may include iron studies to evaluate iron status and rule out other causes of anemia[3][4].

Treatment

The primary treatment for scorbutic anemia involves:
- Vitamin C Supplementation: Administering vitamin C orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the deficiency.
- Dietary Modifications: Encouraging the intake of vitamin C-rich foods such as citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, and green leafy vegetables.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-up to assess the response to treatment and ensure resolution of anemia and other symptoms[5][6].

Conclusion

Scorbutic anemia, represented by ICD-10 code D53.2, is a preventable condition resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to reversing the symptoms and preventing complications. A well-balanced diet rich in vitamin C is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing this type of anemia.

References

1. ICD-10-CM Code for Scorbutic anemia D53.2.
2. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes - D53 Group.
3. Different Types of Anemia and Related ICD-10 Codes.
4. ICD-10 International statistical classification of diseases.
5. 2025 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code D53.
6. CodeMap® ICD-10 (CM) Report.

Scorbutic anemia, classified under ICD-10 code D53.2, is a condition resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which is essential for collagen synthesis and various metabolic processes. This deficiency can lead to a range of clinical presentations, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics.

Clinical Presentation

Overview

Scorbutic anemia typically manifests in individuals with inadequate dietary intake of vitamin C. It is often seen in populations with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables, such as the elderly, those with malabsorption syndromes, or individuals on restrictive diets. The clinical presentation can vary based on the severity of the deficiency and the duration of the condition.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of scorbutic anemia can be categorized into general and specific manifestations:

General Symptoms

• Fatigue and Weakness: Patients often report a general sense of fatigue and decreased energy levels due to anemia and the body's inability to produce adequate red blood cells.
• Irritability: Mood changes, including irritability and depression, can occur as a result of nutritional deficiency.

Specific Symptoms

• Gum Disease: One of the hallmark signs of scorbutic anemia is gingivitis, characterized by swollen, bleeding gums. This occurs due to the impaired collagen synthesis, which affects the integrity of the gums[1].
• Skin Changes: Patients may exhibit petechiae (small red or purple spots) and ecchymosis (bruising) due to capillary fragility. Skin may also become rough and dry[2].
• Joint Pain and Swelling: Arthralgia (joint pain) and swelling can occur, particularly in the knees and elbows, due to inflammation and bleeding in the joints[3].
• Anemia Symptoms: Symptoms related to anemia, such as pallor, shortness of breath, and tachycardia, may also be present as the body struggles to maintain adequate oxygen levels[4].

Patient Characteristics

Certain demographic and health-related factors can influence the risk of developing scorbutic anemia:

• Age: Older adults are at higher risk due to potential dietary deficiencies and comorbidities that may affect nutrient absorption[5].
• Dietary Habits: Individuals with limited access to fresh produce, such as those living in food deserts or those on restrictive diets (e.g., low-carb or processed food diets), are more susceptible[6].
• Health Conditions: Patients with conditions that impair nutrient absorption, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, are at increased risk for vitamin C deficiency and, consequently, scorbutic anemia[7].
• Lifestyle Factors: Smokers and individuals with high alcohol consumption may have lower vitamin C levels due to increased oxidative stress and poor dietary choices[8].

Conclusion

Scorbutic anemia, represented by ICD-10 code D53.2, is a significant health concern primarily linked to vitamin C deficiency. Its clinical presentation includes a variety of symptoms ranging from fatigue and gum disease to joint pain and anemia-related signs. Understanding the patient characteristics and risk factors associated with this condition is crucial for early identification and intervention. Addressing dietary deficiencies through education and improved access to nutritious foods can help prevent and manage scorbutic anemia effectively.

References

1. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Non-Iron Deficiency Anemia.
2. The Troubling Rise of Scurvy: A Review and Implications for Public Health.
3. Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs and Related Conditions.
4. ICD-10-CM Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries.
5. ICD-10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases.
6. ICD-10-AM Disease Code List.
7. ICD-10-CM Code for Scorbutic Anemia D53.2.
8. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Non-Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Scorbutic anemia, classified under ICD-10 code D53.2, is primarily associated with vitamin C deficiency, leading to symptoms of anemia alongside the classic signs of scurvy. Understanding alternative names and related terms can enhance clarity in medical documentation and communication. Here’s a detailed overview:

Alternative Names for Scorbutic Anemia

1. Vitamin C Deficiency Anemia: This term emphasizes the underlying cause of the anemia, which is a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet.
2. Scurvy-Related Anemia: This name links the condition directly to scurvy, a disease caused by severe vitamin C deficiency, which can manifest with anemia.
3. Ascorbic Acid Deficiency Anemia: This term uses the chemical name for vitamin C, highlighting the deficiency aspect.
4. Nutritional Anemia: While broader, this term can encompass various types of anemia caused by nutritional deficiencies, including scorbutic anemia.

Related Terms

1. Scurvy: The disease associated with severe vitamin C deficiency, which can lead to scorbutic anemia.
2. Nutritional Anemias (D50-D53): This category in the ICD-10 classification includes various types of anemia caused by nutritional deficiencies, including D53.2 for scorbutic anemia.
3. Anemia: A general term for a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which can be caused by various factors, including nutritional deficiencies.
4. Hypochromic Anemia: While not specific to scorbutic anemia, this term describes a type of anemia where red blood cells are paler than normal, which can occur in vitamin C deficiency.
5. Microcytic Anemia: This term refers to anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells, which can also be a feature of scorbutic anemia.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for ICD-10 code D53.2 is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and documentation in medical settings. These terms not only facilitate better communication among healthcare professionals but also enhance patient understanding of their condition. If you need further information on related conditions or specific treatment guidelines, feel free to ask!

Scorbutic anemia, classified under ICD-10 code D53.2, is a type of anemia resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The diagnosis of scorbutic anemia involves several criteria, which can be categorized into clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and dietary assessment.

Clinical Evaluation

1. Symptoms: Patients may present with symptoms typical of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor. Additionally, scorbutic anemia is associated with specific symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, including:
   - Swollen and bleeding gums
   - Joint pain and swelling
   - Bruising and petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin)
   - Dry, scaly skin

2. Medical History: A thorough medical history is essential. Clinicians will inquire about dietary habits, particularly the intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as any gastrointestinal disorders that may affect nutrient absorption.

Laboratory Tests

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC is performed to assess the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices. In scorbutic anemia, the CBC may show:
   - Low hemoglobin levels indicating anemia
   - Possible microcytic (small cell) or normocytic (normal cell size) red blood cells, depending on the severity and duration of the deficiency.

2. Vitamin C Levels: Measurement of plasma ascorbic acid levels can confirm vitamin C deficiency. Levels below the normal range (typically less than 0.2 mg/dL) indicate a deficiency.

3. Reticulocyte Count: This test may be performed to evaluate bone marrow response to anemia. A low reticulocyte count may suggest inadequate production of red blood cells due to nutritional deficiency.

Dietary Assessment

1. Dietary Recall: A detailed dietary history can help identify insufficient intake of vitamin C-rich foods, such as citrus fruits, berries, and green leafy vegetables.

2. Food Frequency Questionnaire: This tool can be used to assess the frequency of consumption of vitamin C sources over a specific period.

Differential Diagnosis

It is also important to rule out other causes of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, or anemia of chronic disease, which may present with similar symptoms. This may involve additional tests, including iron studies and hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Conclusion

In summary, the diagnosis of scorbutic anemia (ICD-10 code D53.2) is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and dietary assessments. Clinicians must consider the patient's overall health, dietary habits, and any underlying conditions that may contribute to vitamin C deficiency. Early diagnosis and treatment, typically involving vitamin C supplementation and dietary modifications, are crucial for recovery and prevention of complications associated with this condition.

Scorbutic anemia, classified under ICD-10 code D53.2, is primarily associated with a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). This condition can lead to anemia due to the impaired synthesis of collagen, which is essential for the integrity of blood vessels and the absorption of iron. Below, we explore the standard treatment approaches for this condition.

Understanding Scorbutic Anemia

Causes and Symptoms

Scorbutic anemia arises from inadequate intake of vitamin C, which is crucial for various bodily functions, including iron absorption and collagen formation. Symptoms may include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Swollen and bleeding gums
• Joint pain and swelling
• Anemia-related symptoms such as pallor and shortness of breath

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a clinical evaluation of symptoms, dietary history, and laboratory tests to assess vitamin C levels and complete blood count (CBC) to confirm anemia.

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Vitamin C Supplementation

The cornerstone of treatment for scorbutic anemia is the replenishment of vitamin C. This can be achieved through:

• Oral Supplements: High-dose vitamin C supplements (typically 500 mg to 1000 mg daily) are recommended to quickly restore adequate levels in the body.
• Dietary Sources: Increasing the intake of vitamin C-rich foods is essential. Foods such as citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, and broccoli should be emphasized in the diet.

2. Addressing Anemia

In cases where anemia is significant, additional treatments may be necessary:

• Iron Supplementation: If iron deficiency is also present, iron supplements may be prescribed to improve hemoglobin levels. This is particularly important as vitamin C enhances iron absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Dietary Adjustments: A balanced diet rich in iron (red meat, legumes, fortified cereals) and vitamin C can help improve overall nutritional status and support recovery.

3. Monitoring and Follow-Up

Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor the response to treatment. This may include:

• Repeat Blood Tests: To assess hemoglobin levels and vitamin C status.
• Symptom Review: Evaluating the resolution of symptoms such as fatigue and gum health.

4. Education and Prevention

Patient education on the importance of a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals is vital to prevent recurrence. This includes:

• Nutritional Counseling: Guidance on incorporating a variety of fruits and vegetables into daily meals.
• Awareness of Risk Factors: Identifying individuals at risk, such as those with limited access to fresh produce, certain medical conditions, or dietary restrictions.

Conclusion

Scorbutic anemia (ICD-10 code D53.2) is effectively treated through vitamin C supplementation, dietary modifications, and monitoring of anemia. By addressing both the deficiency and the anemia, patients can achieve significant improvements in their health. Regular follow-up and education on nutrition are essential components of a comprehensive treatment plan to prevent future occurrences.