ICD-10: M02.361

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically occurs in response to an infection in another part of the body. The ICD-10-CM code M02.361 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the right knee. Below is a detailed clinical description and relevant information regarding this condition.

Clinical Description of Reiter's Disease

Definition

Reiter's disease is characterized by a triad of symptoms: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. It is often triggered by infections, particularly those caused by sexually transmitted bacteria (like Chlamydia trachomatis) or gastrointestinal pathogens (such as Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter) [1].

Symptoms

The symptoms of Reiter's disease can vary but commonly include:
- Joint Pain and Swelling: The right knee, in this case, may exhibit significant pain, swelling, and stiffness, which can limit mobility.
- Urethritis: Patients may experience painful urination or discharge.
- Conjunctivitis: Eye inflammation can occur, leading to redness and discomfort.
- Skin Manifestations: Some individuals may develop skin rashes or lesions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Reiter's disease typically involves:
- Clinical Evaluation: A thorough history and physical examination to assess symptoms and rule out other conditions.
- Laboratory Tests: Blood tests may be conducted to check for markers of inflammation (like ESR or CRP) and to identify any underlying infections.
- Imaging Studies: X-rays or MRI may be used to evaluate joint damage or inflammation.

Treatment

Management of Reiter's disease focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing the underlying infection:
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is identified, appropriate antibiotics will be administered.
- Corticosteroids: In cases of severe inflammation, corticosteroids may be used to control symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Reiter's disease varies. Some may experience a single episode that resolves completely, while others may have recurrent symptoms or chronic arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long-term joint damage [2].

Conclusion

ICD-10 code M02.361 specifically identifies Reiter's disease affecting the right knee, highlighting the importance of recognizing this condition in clinical practice. Understanding its symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options is essential for effective management and improving patient quality of life. If you have further questions or need additional information, feel free to ask.

[1] Source: General knowledge on Reiter's disease and its symptoms.
[2] Source: Overview of treatment and prognosis for Reiter's disease.

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.361 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the right knee. Below is a detailed overview of the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with this condition.

Clinical Presentation

Overview

Reiter's disease is characterized by a triad of symptoms: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. However, not all patients will present with all three symptoms. The condition often follows a triggering infection, which can lead to the development of arthritis in one or more joints.

Signs and Symptoms

1. Joint Involvement:
   - Knee Pain: Patients typically experience pain and swelling in the right knee, which may be accompanied by stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
   - Asymmetrical Arthritis: The arthritis is often asymmetrical, affecting one knee more than the other, or it may involve other joints such as the ankles or feet.

2. Systemic Symptoms:
   - Fever: Some patients may present with low-grade fever.
   - Fatigue: Generalized fatigue and malaise are common.

3. Urogenital Symptoms:
   - Urethritis: Patients may report symptoms of urethritis, such as dysuria (painful urination) or increased urinary frequency, often following a sexually transmitted infection.
   - Conjunctivitis: Ocular symptoms may include redness, irritation, and discharge from the eyes.

4. Skin Manifestations:
   - Psoriasis-like Lesions: Some patients may develop skin lesions resembling psoriasis, particularly on the palms and soles.
   - Keratosis: Keratoderma blennorrhagicum, a skin condition characterized by wart-like lesions, may also occur.

Patient Characteristics

1. Demographics:
   - Age: Reiter's disease typically affects young adults, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 40.
   - Gender: It is more common in males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1.

2. Risk Factors:
   - Infections: A history of recent infections, particularly those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or gastrointestinal pathogens like Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter, is often noted.
   - Genetic Predisposition: Many patients with Reiter's disease are positive for the HLA-B27 antigen, which is associated with a higher risk of developing spondyloarthritis.

3. Comorbidities:
   - Patients may have a history of other autoimmune conditions or inflammatory diseases, which can complicate the clinical picture.

Conclusion

Reiter's disease, particularly when affecting the right knee as indicated by ICD-10 code M02.361, presents with a combination of joint pain, systemic symptoms, and potential urogenital and ocular manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and patient characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Early intervention can help alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage, making awareness of this condition essential for healthcare providers.

ICD-10 code M02.361 refers specifically to Reiter's disease affecting the right knee. This condition is a type of reactive arthritis, which can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. Below are alternative names and related terms associated with this diagnosis.

Alternative Names for Reiter's Disease

1. Reactive Arthritis: This is the broader category under which Reiter's disease falls. It is characterized by joint inflammation that occurs in response to an infection elsewhere in the body.

2. Postinfectious Arthritis: This term emphasizes the condition's development following an infection, which is a key feature of Reiter's disease.

3. Syndrome of Reiter: This is another term that may be used interchangeably with Reiter's disease, highlighting its classification as a syndrome.

4. Urethritis-arthritis syndrome: This term reflects the common association of Reiter's disease with urethritis, particularly in males.

5. Reiter's Syndrome: While often used interchangeably with Reiter's disease, this term can sometimes refer to the broader set of symptoms associated with the condition, including arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis.

Related Terms

1. Arthritis: A general term for inflammation of the joints, which is a primary symptom of Reiter's disease.

2. Sacroiliitis: Inflammation of the sacroiliac joints, which can also occur in patients with Reiter's disease.

3. Enthesitis: Inflammation at the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone, which can be a feature of reactive arthritis.

4. HLA-B27: A genetic marker often associated with Reiter's disease and other spondyloarthropathies. Testing for this antigen can help in diagnosing the condition.

5. Chlamydia-induced arthritis: Since Chlamydia trachomatis is a common trigger for Reiter's disease, this term is relevant in the context of its etiology.

6. Gastrointestinal infections: Certain gastrointestinal infections, such as those caused by Salmonella or Shigella, can also lead to the development of Reiter's disease.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for ICD-10 code M02.361 is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Reiter's disease, as a form of reactive arthritis, encompasses a range of symptoms and associations that can aid healthcare professionals in managing the condition effectively. If you have further questions or need more specific information, feel free to ask!

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.361 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the right knee. To diagnose this condition, healthcare providers typically consider several criteria, which can be categorized into clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings.

Clinical Criteria

1. History of Infection: A recent history of a genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection is often noted. Common pathogens include Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter.

2. Joint Symptoms: Patients usually present with:
   - Swelling and pain in the affected joint (in this case, the right knee).
   - Morning stiffness that improves with activity.
   - Asymmetrical involvement of joints, often affecting the lower extremities.

3. Extra-Articular Manifestations: Other symptoms may include:
   - Conjunctivitis or uveitis (inflammation of the eye).
   - Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra).
   - Skin lesions, such as keratoderma blennorrhagicum or circinate balanitis.

Laboratory Criteria

1. Serological Tests: While there is no specific test for Reiter's disease, the following may be performed:
   - HLA-B27 Antigen: A significant percentage of patients with reactive arthritis test positive for this antigen.
   - Increased Inflammatory Markers: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) may indicate inflammation.

2. Microbiological Tests: Testing for the presence of the triggering infection (e.g., Chlamydia or gastrointestinal pathogens) can support the diagnosis.

Imaging Criteria

1. X-rays: Imaging studies may reveal:
   - Joint effusion in the affected knee.
   - Erosive changes or signs of inflammation in chronic cases.

2. Ultrasound or MRI: These imaging modalities can provide more detailed views of joint inflammation and effusion.

Diagnostic Considerations

• Exclusion of Other Conditions: It is crucial to rule out other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, which may present similarly.
• Duration of Symptoms: Symptoms typically develop within weeks to months following the triggering infection.

In summary, the diagnosis of Reiter's disease (ICD-10 code M02.361) involves a combination of clinical history, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The presence of joint symptoms following a relevant infection, along with supportive laboratory and imaging findings, is essential for confirming the diagnosis.

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.361 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the right knee. Treatment approaches for this condition typically focus on alleviating symptoms, managing inflammation, and addressing any underlying infections.

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Medications

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are often the first line of treatment for managing pain and inflammation associated with Reiter's disease. Commonly used NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen. These medications help reduce swelling and discomfort in the affected joints, such as the right knee[1].

Corticosteroids

In cases where NSAIDs are insufficient, corticosteroids may be prescribed. These can be administered orally or injected directly into the affected joint to provide rapid relief from inflammation and pain[1].

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

For chronic cases or when the disease does not respond to NSAIDs or corticosteroids, DMARDs such as methotrexate may be considered. These medications help slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage[1].

2. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation of patients with Reiter's disease. A physical therapist can design a tailored exercise program to improve joint function, increase strength, and enhance mobility in the affected knee. This may include stretching, strengthening exercises, and low-impact aerobic activities[1].

3. Management of Underlying Infections

Since Reiter's disease is often triggered by infections, it is essential to identify and treat any underlying infections. Antibiotics may be necessary if a bacterial infection is present, particularly if it is linked to the onset of arthritis[1].

4. Lifestyle Modifications

Patients are encouraged to adopt lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms and improve overall health. This includes maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints, engaging in regular low-impact exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate knee pain[1].

5. Alternative Therapies

Some patients may find relief through alternative therapies such as acupuncture, massage, or dietary supplements. However, these should be discussed with a healthcare provider to ensure they complement standard treatment approaches effectively[1].

Conclusion

The management of Reiter's disease affecting the right knee involves a multifaceted approach that includes medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Early intervention and a tailored treatment plan can significantly improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to monitor the disease's progression and adjust treatment as necessary. If you have further questions or need more specific information, consulting a rheumatologist or a healthcare professional specializing in arthritis is advisable.