ICD-10: M02.372

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically occurs following an infection in another part of the body. The ICD-10-CM code M02.372 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot. Below is a detailed clinical description and relevant information regarding this condition.

Clinical Description of Reiter's Disease

Definition

Reiter's disease is characterized by a triad of symptoms: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. It is often triggered by infections, particularly those caused by certain bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia. The condition primarily affects young adults and is more common in males than females.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Reiter's disease can vary but typically include:
- Joint Pain and Swelling: The most prominent feature is arthritis, which can affect one or multiple joints. In the case of M02.372, the left ankle and foot are specifically involved, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness in these areas.
- Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra may occur, leading to painful urination and discharge.
- Conjunctivitis: Eye inflammation can manifest as redness, irritation, and discharge.
- Skin Manifestations: Some patients may develop skin rashes or lesions, particularly on the soles of the feet or palms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Reiter's disease involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Key diagnostic steps include:
- Medical History: A thorough history to identify any preceding infections or symptoms.
- Physical Examination: Assessment of joint involvement, particularly the left ankle and foot in this case.
- Laboratory Tests: Blood tests may reveal elevated inflammatory markers, and tests for specific infections may be conducted to identify triggers.

Treatment

Management of Reiter's disease focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing the underlying infection if present. Treatment options may include:
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroids: In cases of severe inflammation, corticosteroids may be prescribed.
- Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is identified, appropriate antibiotics will be administered.
- Physical Therapy: To maintain joint function and mobility.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Reiter's disease varies. Some may experience a single episode with complete recovery, while others may have recurrent symptoms or chronic arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Conclusion

ICD-10 code M02.372 specifically denotes Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot, highlighting the importance of recognizing this condition in clinical practice. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options is essential for effective management and improving patient quality of life. If you suspect Reiter's disease, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and tailored treatment plan.

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.372 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot. Below is a detailed overview of the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with this condition.

Clinical Presentation

Reiter's disease typically presents with a triad of symptoms: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. However, not all patients will exhibit all three symptoms. The condition is characterized by:

• Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints, which can be asymmetric and often affects the lower extremities, including the ankles and feet.
• Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, which may present as dysuria (painful urination) or urethral discharge.
• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, leading to redness and irritation of the eyes.

In the case of M02.372, the focus is on the involvement of the left ankle and foot.

Signs and Symptoms

Joint Symptoms

• Swelling: The left ankle and foot may exhibit noticeable swelling due to inflammation.
• Pain: Patients often report pain in the affected joints, which can be exacerbated by movement or pressure.
• Stiffness: Morning stiffness is common, with patients experiencing reduced range of motion in the affected joints.
• Tenderness: The joints may be tender to touch, particularly during flare-ups.

Systemic Symptoms

• Fever: Some patients may experience low-grade fever during acute episodes.
• Fatigue: Generalized fatigue and malaise are common, reflecting the systemic nature of the inflammatory response.
• Skin Manifestations: Some patients may develop skin lesions, such as keratoderma blennorrhagicum, which are associated with reactive arthritis.

Other Symptoms

• Urogenital Symptoms: If urethritis is present, symptoms may include burning sensation during urination and discharge.
• Ocular Symptoms: Conjunctivitis may lead to redness, tearing, and discomfort in the eyes.

Patient Characteristics

Reiter's disease is more prevalent in certain populations and demographics:

• Age: It commonly affects young adults, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 40.
• Gender: Males are more frequently affected than females, with a ratio of approximately 3:1.
• History of Infection: A significant number of patients report a preceding infection, particularly with Chlamydia trachomatis or gastrointestinal pathogens like Salmonella or Shigella.
• Genetic Factors: The presence of the HLA-B27 antigen is associated with a higher risk of developing Reiter's disease, although not all individuals with this antigen will develop the condition.

Conclusion

Reiter's disease, as classified under ICD-10 code M02.372, presents with a range of symptoms primarily affecting the left ankle and foot, alongside potential systemic manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Early intervention can help alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this condition in clinical practice.

ICD-10 code M02.372 refers specifically to Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot. Reiter's disease is a form of reactive arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. Below are alternative names and related terms associated with this condition:

Alternative Names for Reiter's Disease

1. Reactive Arthritis: This is the broader category under which Reiter's disease falls, characterized by joint inflammation following an infection.
2. Postinfectious Arthritis: This term emphasizes the condition's development after an infection.
3. Syndrome of Reiter: Another term that may be used interchangeably with Reiter's disease.
4. Urethritis-arthritis syndrome: This name highlights the common association with urethritis in affected individuals.

Related Terms

1. HLA-B27 Positive Arthritis: Many patients with Reiter's disease test positive for the HLA-B27 antigen, which is associated with various autoimmune conditions.
2. Enthesitis: Inflammation at the sites where tendons or ligaments attach to bone, which can occur in Reiter's disease.
3. Sacroiliitis: Inflammation of the sacroiliac joints, which may be present in patients with Reiter's disease.
4. Oligoarticular Arthritis: Refers to arthritis affecting a few joints, which is common in Reiter's disease.

Clinical Context

Reiter's disease is often characterized by a triad of symptoms: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. It is important to note that while the term "Reiter's disease" is still used, it has fallen out of favor in some medical circles due to its association with Hans Reiter, a physician with a controversial history. The term "reactive arthritis" is increasingly preferred to describe this condition.

Understanding these alternative names and related terms can help in recognizing the condition in clinical settings and ensuring accurate coding and treatment.

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.372 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot. To diagnose this condition, healthcare providers typically rely on a combination of clinical criteria, laboratory tests, and patient history.

Diagnostic Criteria for Reiter's Disease

1. Clinical Symptoms

The diagnosis of Reiter's disease is primarily based on the presence of the following clinical symptoms:

• Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints, which may include swelling, pain, and stiffness, particularly in the lower extremities such as the ankle and foot.
• Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, which may present as painful urination or discharge.
• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the eye, leading to redness and discomfort.

2. Patient History

A thorough patient history is essential for diagnosis. Key aspects include:

• Recent Infections: A history of recent infections, particularly those related to the gastrointestinal or urogenital systems, such as Chlamydia, Salmonella, or Shigella.
• Family History: A family history of autoimmune diseases or similar conditions may also be relevant.

3. Laboratory Tests

While there is no single definitive test for Reiter's disease, several laboratory tests can support the diagnosis:

• HLA-B27 Antigen Testing: A significant percentage of patients with Reiter's disease test positive for the HLA-B27 antigen, although not all individuals with this antigen will develop the disease.
• Synovial Fluid Analysis: Examination of the synovial fluid from the affected joint can help rule out other types of arthritis, such as gout or septic arthritis.
• Blood Tests: Tests for inflammatory markers (e.g., ESR, CRP) and specific infections may be conducted.

4. Exclusion of Other Conditions

It is crucial to exclude other forms of arthritis or conditions that may mimic Reiter's disease. This includes:

• Gout: Characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling, often in the big toe.
• Psoriatic Arthritis: Associated with psoriasis and can also affect the feet and ankles.
• Infectious Arthritis: Caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of Reiter's disease (ICD-10 code M02.372) involves a comprehensive evaluation of clinical symptoms, patient history, laboratory tests, and the exclusion of other similar conditions. If you suspect you have symptoms related to Reiter's disease, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur following an infection, particularly in the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract. The ICD-10 code M02.372 specifically refers to Reiter's disease affecting the left ankle and foot. Treatment approaches for this condition typically focus on alleviating symptoms, managing inflammation, and addressing any underlying infections.

Standard Treatment Approaches

1. Medications

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are often the first line of treatment for managing pain and inflammation associated with Reiter's disease. Commonly used NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen. These medications help reduce swelling and discomfort in the affected joints, such as the left ankle and foot[1].

Corticosteroids

In cases where NSAIDs are insufficient, corticosteroids may be prescribed. These can be administered orally or injected directly into the affected joint to provide rapid relief from inflammation and pain[1].

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

For chronic cases or when the disease does not respond to NSAIDs or corticosteroids, DMARDs like methotrexate may be considered. These medications help slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage[1].

2. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation of patients with Reiter's disease. A physical therapist can design a tailored exercise program to improve joint function, increase strength, and enhance mobility in the affected ankle and foot. Stretching and strengthening exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and reduce stiffness[1].

3. Management of Underlying Infections

Since Reiter's disease is often triggered by infections, it is essential to identify and treat any underlying infections. Antibiotics may be necessary if a bacterial infection is present, particularly if it is linked to the onset of arthritis symptoms[1].

4. Lifestyle Modifications

Patients are encouraged to adopt lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms and improve overall health. This includes:

• Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on the joints, particularly in the lower extremities.
• Regular Exercise: Engaging in low-impact activities, such as swimming or cycling, can help maintain joint function without exacerbating pain.
• Dietary Adjustments: A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, may help reduce inflammation[1].

5. Alternative Therapies

Some patients may find relief through alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage therapy. While these approaches may not be universally effective, they can complement traditional treatments and improve the overall quality of life[1].

Conclusion

The management of Reiter's disease, particularly when it affects the left ankle and foot, involves a multifaceted approach that includes medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Early intervention and a tailored treatment plan can significantly improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to monitor the disease's progression and adjust treatment as necessary.