ICD-10: M91.4

Coxa magna, classified under ICD-10-CM code M91.4, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the femoral head, which can lead to various complications in hip function and mobility. This condition is often associated with developmental issues in the hip joint and can manifest in both children and adults.

Clinical Description of Coxa Magna

Definition and Pathophysiology

Coxa magna is defined as an enlargement of the femoral head, which can result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, developmental dysplasia, or trauma. The condition may lead to altered biomechanics of the hip joint, potentially causing pain, limited range of motion, and an increased risk of osteoarthritis over time[1][2].

Symptoms

Patients with coxa magna may experience a range of symptoms, including:
- Hip Pain: Discomfort in the hip region, which may worsen with activity.
- Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty in performing movements such as bending or rotating the hip.
- Limping: Altered gait patterns due to pain or instability in the hip joint.
- Joint Stiffness: Reduced flexibility in the hip joint, particularly after periods of inactivity.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of coxa magna typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Key diagnostic methods include:
- Physical Examination: Assessment of hip mobility, pain levels, and gait analysis.
- Imaging Techniques: X-rays or MRI scans are used to visualize the femoral head's size and shape, confirming the diagnosis and ruling out other conditions[3][4].

Treatment Options

Management of coxa magna may vary based on the severity of the condition and the patient's age. Treatment options include:
- Conservative Management: Physical therapy, pain management, and activity modification can help alleviate symptoms and improve function.
- Surgical Intervention: In more severe cases, surgical options such as osteotomy or hip resurfacing may be considered to correct the deformity and restore hip function[5][6].

Related Codes

In the ICD-10-CM coding system, coxa magna is further specified by additional codes:
- M91.41: Coxa magna, right hip
- M91.42: Coxa magna, left hip
- M91.40: Coxa magna, unspecified hip[7][8].

Conclusion

Coxa magna is a significant condition that can impact an individual's quality of life due to its effects on hip function and mobility. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in mitigating symptoms and preventing long-term complications. If you suspect coxa magna or experience related symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and tailored treatment plan is essential.

Coxa magna, classified under ICD-10 code M91.4, is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the femoral head, which can lead to various clinical implications. Understanding its clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

Clinical Presentation

Coxa magna typically presents with a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. The condition is often identified in pediatric patients, particularly those who are still growing, but it can also be observed in adults. The following are key aspects of its clinical presentation:

Signs and Symptoms

1. Hip Pain: Patients often report pain in the hip region, which may be exacerbated by physical activity or weight-bearing activities. The pain can be localized or may radiate to the groin or thigh[1][2].

2. Limited Range of Motion: There may be a noticeable reduction in the range of motion of the hip joint. This limitation can affect both internal and external rotation, as well as flexion and extension[3][4].

3. Limping: A common symptom in affected individuals, limping may occur due to pain or mechanical instability in the hip joint. This is particularly evident during walking or running[5].

4. Muscle Weakness: Weakness in the muscles surrounding the hip may develop, contributing to instability and further limiting mobility[6].

5. Joint Stiffness: Patients may experience stiffness in the hip joint, especially after periods of inactivity, which can lead to discomfort during movement[7].

6. Asymmetry: In some cases, there may be noticeable asymmetry in the hip area, particularly in children, where one hip may appear larger than the other due to the enlargement of the femoral head[8].

Patient Characteristics

Coxa magna is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, but it can also affect adults. The following characteristics are often observed in patients with this condition:

• Age: The condition is frequently seen in younger populations, particularly those aged between 4 and 10 years, as this is a critical period for hip development[9].

• Gender: There is a slight male predominance in cases of coxa magna, although it can occur in both genders[10].

• Associated Conditions: Coxa magna may be associated with other developmental disorders or conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, which can complicate the clinical picture[11].

• Family History: A family history of hip disorders may increase the likelihood of developing coxa magna, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition[12].

Conclusion

Coxa magna, represented by ICD-10 code M91.4, is characterized by hip pain, limited range of motion, and other symptoms that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Early recognition and management are essential to prevent complications such as osteoarthritis or further joint degeneration. Clinicians should be vigilant in assessing the clinical presentation and patient characteristics to provide appropriate interventions and support for those affected by this condition.

Coxa magna, represented by the ICD-10 code M91.4, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the femoral head, which can lead to various complications in hip function and mobility. Understanding alternative names and related terms for this condition can enhance clarity in medical communication and documentation.

Alternative Names for Coxa Magna

1. Enlarged Femoral Head: This term directly describes the primary feature of coxa magna, emphasizing the enlargement aspect.
2. Hip Dysplasia: While not synonymous, hip dysplasia can sometimes be associated with coxa magna, particularly in pediatric cases where abnormal hip development occurs.
3. Coxa Valga: This term refers to a specific angle of the femoral neck that can be associated with coxa magna, although it is not an exact synonym.
4. Femoral Head Enlargement: A straightforward description that highlights the condition's anatomical focus.

Related Terms

1. Osteochondrosis: This term encompasses a group of disorders affecting the growth of bones in children, which can include conditions like coxa magna.
2. Hip Joint Disorders: A broader category that includes various conditions affecting the hip joint, including coxa magna.
3. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): This term refers to a range of hip joint abnormalities, which may include coxa magna as a potential complication.
4. Coxa Vara: Although this condition is characterized by a different femoral neck angle, it is often discussed in conjunction with coxa magna in clinical settings.

Conclusion

Understanding the alternative names and related terms for coxa magna (ICD-10 code M91.4) is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and communication among healthcare professionals. These terms can help clarify the condition's implications and its relationship with other hip disorders, ensuring comprehensive patient care.

Coxa magna, classified under ICD-10 code M91.4, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the femoral head, which can lead to various complications in the hip joint. The diagnosis of coxa magna typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Below are the key criteria and methods used for diagnosing this condition.

Clinical Evaluation

1. Patient History:
   - A thorough medical history is essential, focusing on any symptoms such as hip pain, limping, or reduced range of motion. The onset and duration of symptoms can provide insights into the underlying condition.

2. Physical Examination:
   - A physical examination may reveal signs of hip dysfunction, including tenderness in the hip area, limited mobility, and any observable deformities. The clinician may assess the range of motion and perform specific tests to evaluate hip stability and function.

Imaging Studies

1. X-rays:
   - Radiographic imaging is crucial for diagnosing coxa magna. X-rays can reveal the size and shape of the femoral head, allowing for the identification of any enlargement or deformity. The presence of joint space narrowing or other degenerative changes may also be assessed.

2. MRI or CT Scans:
   - In some cases, advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans may be utilized to provide a more detailed view of the hip joint. These modalities can help in assessing the extent of the condition and any associated changes in the surrounding soft tissues.

Differential Diagnosis

• It is important to differentiate coxa magna from other conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as:
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, primarily affecting children.
• Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease that can also cause hip pain and dysfunction.
• Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE): A condition where the femoral head slips off the neck of the femur, typically seen in adolescents.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of coxa magna (ICD-10 code M91.4) relies on a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Accurate diagnosis is essential for determining the appropriate management and treatment options, which may include physical therapy, medication, or surgical intervention depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health status. If you suspect coxa magna or experience related symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation is recommended.

Coxa magna, classified under ICD-10 code M91.4, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the femoral head, which can lead to hip joint issues. The treatment approaches for coxa magna typically depend on the severity of the condition, the age of the patient, and the presence of symptoms. Below is a detailed overview of standard treatment strategies.

Conservative Management

1. Observation and Monitoring

In cases where coxa magna is asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, a conservative approach may be adopted. This involves regular monitoring through physical examinations and imaging studies to assess any progression of the condition.

2. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen the muscles around the hip joint, improve range of motion, and enhance overall function. Specific exercises may focus on:
- Strengthening hip abductors and extensors.
- Improving flexibility and mobility.
- Reducing pain through targeted stretching and strengthening routines.

3. Activity Modification

Patients may be advised to modify their activities to avoid high-impact sports or movements that exacerbate hip pain. Low-impact activities, such as swimming or cycling, may be encouraged to maintain fitness without stressing the hip joint.

4. Pain Management

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help manage pain and inflammation associated with coxa magna. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be considered for more significant pain relief.

Surgical Interventions

1. Osteotomy

In cases where conservative management fails and symptoms persist, surgical options may be explored. Osteotomy involves cutting and repositioning the bone to improve the alignment of the hip joint. This can help relieve pressure on the femoral head and improve function.

2. Hip Resurfacing or Replacement

For severe cases of coxa magna, particularly in older patients or those with significant joint degeneration, hip resurfacing or total hip replacement may be necessary. These procedures involve replacing the damaged joint surfaces with prosthetic components, which can alleviate pain and restore mobility.

3. Arthroscopy

In some instances, arthroscopic surgery may be performed to address associated issues such as labral tears or loose bodies within the joint. This minimally invasive procedure can help improve joint function and reduce pain.

Conclusion

The treatment of coxa magna (ICD-10 code M91.4) is tailored to the individual patient, considering factors such as symptom severity and overall health. While conservative management is often effective for mild cases, surgical options may be necessary for more severe presentations. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment plans as needed. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms related to coxa magna, consulting with an orthopedic specialist is advisable for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment strategy.