ICD-10: S52.52

The ICD-10 code S52.52 refers specifically to a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius. This type of fracture is commonly seen in pediatric patients and is characterized by a specific type of bone injury that occurs when the bone bends and buckles rather than breaking completely. Below is a detailed clinical description and relevant information regarding this condition.

Clinical Description of Torus Fracture

Definition

A torus fracture, also known as a buckle fracture, is a type of incomplete fracture that typically occurs in children due to the pliability of their bones. In this injury, one side of the bone compresses and bulges outward, while the other side remains intact. This results in a fracture that does not extend through the entire bone, making it less severe than complete fractures.

Location

The lower end of the radius is located near the wrist, where the radius bone meets the carpal bones. This area is particularly susceptible to torus fractures, especially in children who may fall onto an outstretched hand, a common mechanism of injury.

Symptoms

Patients with a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius may present with:
- Localized pain: Tenderness at the site of the fracture.
- Swelling: Mild to moderate swelling around the wrist.
- Limited range of motion: Difficulty moving the wrist or hand due to pain.
- Deformity: In some cases, a visible deformity may be noted, although this is less common with torus fractures compared to complete fractures.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:
- Clinical examination: Assessment of symptoms and physical examination of the wrist.
- Imaging studies: X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool, revealing the characteristic buckling of the bone without complete disruption.

Treatment

Treatment for a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius generally includes:
- Immobilization: The affected wrist is often immobilized using a splint or cast to allow for proper healing.
- Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended to manage discomfort.
- Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing through physical examinations and repeat imaging if necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for torus fractures is generally excellent, with most children experiencing complete recovery within a few weeks. Due to the nature of the injury, there is a low risk of complications or long-term issues.

Conclusion

The ICD-10 code S52.52 for a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius highlights a common yet specific type of injury, particularly in pediatric populations. Understanding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options is essential for effective management and recovery. If you have further questions or need additional information about this condition, feel free to ask!

Torus fractures, also known as buckle fractures, are common injuries, particularly in pediatric populations. The ICD-10 code S52.52 specifically refers to a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius, which is a type of incomplete fracture characterized by a bulging of the bone cortex without a complete break. Below is a detailed overview of the clinical presentation, signs, symptoms, and patient characteristics associated with this type of fracture.

Clinical Presentation

Definition and Mechanism of Injury

A torus fracture typically occurs due to a compressive force applied to the bone, often resulting from a fall onto an outstretched hand. This type of fracture is most prevalent in children due to the flexibility of their bones, which are still developing and have a higher capacity to deform without breaking completely[1][2].

Common Patient Characteristics

• Age: Most frequently seen in children aged 5 to 10 years, as their bones are still maturing and are more susceptible to this type of injury[1].
• Gender: There is no significant gender predisposition, although some studies suggest boys may be slightly more prone to fractures due to higher activity levels[2].
• Activity Level: Typically occurs during sports or play activities, particularly those involving falls or impacts[1].

Signs and Symptoms

Physical Examination Findings

• Swelling: Localized swelling around the wrist or distal forearm is common, often observed shortly after the injury[1].
• Tenderness: Patients will exhibit tenderness upon palpation of the distal radius, particularly on the volar (palmar) aspect[2].
• Deformity: While torus fractures may not present with significant deformity, there may be a subtle bulging of the bone contour[1].

Functional Limitations

• Pain: Patients typically report pain that is exacerbated by movement of the wrist or hand, particularly during activities that require gripping or lifting[2].
• Reduced Range of Motion: There may be a noticeable decrease in the range of motion of the wrist, making it difficult for the patient to perform daily activities[1].

Diagnostic Imaging

• X-rays: Diagnosis is often confirmed through X-ray imaging, which will show the characteristic buckling of the cortex without a complete fracture line. In some cases, the fracture may be subtle and require careful interpretation by a radiologist[2][3].

Conclusion

Torus fractures of the lower end of the radius (ICD-10 code S52.52) are common injuries in children, characterized by specific clinical presentations, signs, and symptoms. Understanding these aspects is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Treatment typically involves immobilization with a cast or splint, and the prognosis is generally excellent, with most children returning to normal activities within a few weeks[1][2]. If you suspect a torus fracture, it is essential to seek medical evaluation to ensure appropriate care and to rule out more serious injuries.

The ICD-10 code S52.52 specifically refers to a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius, commonly known as a buckle fracture. This type of fracture is characterized by a compression of the bone, typically occurring in children due to falls or trauma, where the bone bends and creates a bulge without breaking completely.

Alternative Names

1. Buckle Fracture: This is the most common alternative name for a torus fracture, emphasizing the nature of the injury where the bone buckles under pressure.
2. Torus Fracture: This term is often used interchangeably with buckle fracture, particularly in medical contexts.
3. Greenstick Fracture: While not identical, this term is related as it describes a fracture that bends on one side and breaks on the other, often seen in pediatric cases.

Related Terms

• Distal Radius Fracture: This term refers to fractures occurring at the distal end of the radius, which can include various types of fractures, including torus fractures.
• Pediatric Fracture: Since torus fractures are more common in children, this term is relevant when discussing the demographic most affected by this type of injury.
• Fracture of the Radius: A broader term that encompasses all types of fractures affecting the radius bone, including torus fractures.

Clinical Context

Torus fractures are typically diagnosed through X-rays and are characterized by their specific appearance, which shows a bulging of the cortex of the bone without a complete break. Treatment often involves immobilization with a cast or splint, and the prognosis is generally good, with most children recovering fully without long-term complications.

Understanding these alternative names and related terms can be beneficial for healthcare professionals when documenting and discussing cases involving S52.52, ensuring clear communication regarding the nature of the injury and its treatment.

The ICD-10 code S52.522A specifically refers to a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius, commonly known as a buckle fracture. This type of fracture is prevalent in children due to the flexibility of their bones. To diagnose a torus fracture, healthcare professionals typically follow a set of criteria that includes clinical evaluation and imaging studies.

Clinical Evaluation

1. Patient History:
   - The clinician will gather a detailed history of the injury, including the mechanism of injury (e.g., a fall onto an outstretched hand) and any previous fractures or bone health issues.

2. Physical Examination:
   - The examination will focus on the affected wrist and forearm, looking for signs of swelling, tenderness, and deformity.
   - The range of motion may be assessed to determine any limitations or pain during movement.

Imaging Studies

1. X-rays:
   - X-rays are the primary imaging modality used to diagnose a torus fracture. The characteristic appearance of a torus fracture is a bulging or buckling of the cortex of the bone without a complete break.
   - X-rays may be taken in multiple views (anteroposterior and lateral) to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the fracture.

2. Follow-up Imaging:
   - In some cases, follow-up X-rays may be necessary to monitor the healing process and ensure that the fracture is not progressing to a more severe injury.

Diagnostic Criteria

• Fracture Characteristics: The diagnosis of a torus fracture is confirmed when the X-ray shows a localized bulge or indentation in the cortex of the radius, typically at the distal end.
• Absence of Displacement: Unlike more severe fractures, torus fractures usually do not involve displacement of the bone fragments.
• Age Consideration: Given that torus fractures are more common in children, age is a significant factor in the diagnosis.

Conclusion

In summary, the diagnosis of a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius (ICD-10 code S52.522A) involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies, primarily X-rays. The characteristic features of the fracture, along with the absence of displacement, help clinicians confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. If you have further questions or need more detailed information, feel free to ask!

Torus fractures, also known as buckle fractures, are common injuries, particularly in children, characterized by a compression of the bone that results in a bulging or buckling of the cortex without a complete break. The ICD-10 code S52.52 specifically refers to a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius, which is a common site for such injuries due to falls or direct trauma.

Overview of Torus Fractures

Definition and Characteristics

A torus fracture occurs when one side of the bone buckles under stress while the other side remains intact. This type of fracture is typically stable and does not usually require surgical intervention, making it distinct from more severe fractures that may involve complete breaks or dislocations.

Common Causes

Torus fractures often result from:
- Falls, particularly in children who may land on an outstretched hand.
- Sports injuries or accidents.
- Direct impacts to the wrist area.

Standard Treatment Approaches

Initial Assessment

Upon presentation, a thorough clinical assessment is essential. This includes:
- Physical Examination: Checking for swelling, tenderness, and range of motion in the wrist.
- Imaging: X-rays are typically performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out more serious injuries.

Conservative Management

The standard treatment for a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius generally involves conservative management, which includes:

1. Immobilization:
   - Splinting or Casting: The affected wrist is usually immobilized with a splint or a cast to prevent movement and allow for healing. A short arm cast is commonly used, extending from the forearm to the wrist, and is typically applied for 3 to 4 weeks.

2. Pain Management:
   - Analgesics: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be recommended to manage pain and inflammation.

3. Activity Modification:
   - Patients are advised to avoid activities that may stress the wrist during the healing process. Gradual return to normal activities is encouraged once the fracture has healed.

Follow-Up Care

Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor the healing process. This may include:
- Repeat X-rays: To ensure proper alignment and healing of the fracture.
- Physical Therapy: In some cases, once the cast is removed, physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and range of motion.

Prognosis

The prognosis for torus fractures is generally excellent, especially in children. Most patients experience complete recovery with minimal long-term effects. Healing typically occurs within 4 to 6 weeks, and complications are rare due to the stable nature of the fracture.

Conclusion

In summary, the standard treatment for a torus fracture of the lower end of the radius (ICD-10 code S52.52) primarily involves conservative management through immobilization, pain control, and activity modification. With appropriate care, patients can expect a full recovery, making this type of fracture one of the more manageable injuries in pediatric orthopedics. Regular follow-up is crucial to ensure proper healing and to address any potential complications early.