obsolete primary Vibrionaceae infectious disease

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diseases caused by bacteria from the Vibrionaceae family that have been considered obsolete or rare in modern times.

• Cholera: According to [11], Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe diarrheal cholera disease when ingested by humans. While it's still a concern in some parts of the world, it's not typically considered an "obsolete" primary infectious disease.
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections: [10] and [14] mention Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a bacterium that can cause diarrheal diseases, including enteritis (summer diarrhea), sepsis, and organ infections. However, these references do not specifically label it as an "obsolete" primary infectious disease.
• Necrotizing fasciitis: [15] mentions wound infections from Vibrio bacteria leading to necrotizing fasciitis, also known as "flesh-eating disease". This is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, but it's not typically considered an "obsolete" primary infectious disease.

It seems that there might be some confusion or outdated information regarding the description of obsolete primary Vibrionaceae infectious diseases. If you could provide more context or clarify what you're looking for, I'd be happy to try and assist further.

References: [10] by BA Froelich · 2016 [

Vibrio vulnificus Infections: A Review of Clinical Manifestations

Vibrio vulnificus infections, a type of bacterial infection caused by the Vibrio vulnificus bacterium, can manifest in various ways. The most common clinical manifestations include:

• Primary septicemia: This is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the bacteria enter the bloodstream directly through an open wound or other means [1][2].
• Wound infections: These can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pus at the site of infection [3][4].
• Gastroenteritis: This is a type of stomach flu that can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps [5].

In addition to these primary manifestations, Vibrio vulnificus infections can also lead to more severe complications, including:

• Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can cause redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area [6].
• Bullae: These are fluid-filled blisters that can form on the skin as a result of the infection [7].

It's worth noting that Vibrio vulnificus infections are relatively rare and typically occur in people who have come into contact with contaminated water or food. Prompt recognition and treatment of these infections is essential to prevent serious complications.

References:

[1] Jun 15, 2023 — V. vulnificus: The most important clinical manifestations include primary septicemia and wound infections. Primary septicemia occurs through ...

[2] by S Nazir · 2016 · Cited by 10 — Infection with V. vulnificus commonly manifests as local wound infection, gastroenteritis or primary septicaemia.

[3] by A Emamifar · 2015 · Cited by 9 — Common clinical manifestations are severe distinctive soft tissue infection, including cellulitis with ecchymosis and bullae and/or septicaemia,

[4] by S Nazir · 2016 · Cited by 10 — Infection with V. vulnificus commonly manifests as local wound infection, gastroenteritis or primary septicaemia.

[5] by CS Kim · 2016 · Cited by 9 — The main clinical manifestations of V. vulnificus infections are gastrointestinal illness, primary septicemia, and wound infections.

[6] by W BARR · 2014 · Cited by 181 — The patient should be evaluated for signs of dehydration, including decreased urine output, thirst, dizziness, and change in mental status.

[7] by MA Horseman · 2011 · Cited by 387 — Primary sepsis typically presents with an abrupt onset of fever and chills. Metastatic infection characterized by cutaneous lesions such as bullae, cellulitis, ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on diagnostic tests for Vibrio infections, which are caused by bacteria from the genus Vibrio.

• Traditional methods: In the past, diagnosis of Vibrio infections was primarily based on culture and serological tests [3][5]. These methods involved growing the bacteria in a laboratory setting and testing for antibodies against the bacteria in a patient's blood.
• Molecular techniques: However, with advancements in technology, molecular diagnostic techniques have become more prominent. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one such technique that has been widely used to detect Vibrio DNA [1][4]. PCR-based methods allow for rapid and sensitive detection of the bacteria, making them a valuable tool in diagnosing Vibrio infections.
• Limitations: While molecular techniques have improved diagnostic capabilities, they are not without limitations. In developing countries, rapid stool assays performed poorly compared to tests used in developed countries [6].
• Emerging pathogens: The identification of emerging bacterial pathogens like Vibrio often involves a combination of microscopy, serology, molecular tools, and culture [7]. This multi-faceted approach helps ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

It's worth noting that the context provided highlights the evolution of diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases, with an emphasis on PCR-based methods. However, it also acknowledges the importance of traditional methods and the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosing emerging pathogens like Vibrio.

References: [1] by S Yang · 2004 · Cited by 1233 [3] Nov 13, 2019 [4] by P Yagupsky · 2020 · Cited by 302 [5] In practice, these methods are diagnostically bifunctional as they allow simultaneous detection of both pathogens and relevant antimicrobial resistance ... [6] by CJ Gill · 2003 · Cited by 83 [7] Feb 2, 2002

Treatment of Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus Infections

Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus infections are bacterial diseases caused by the Vibrio bacteria. While these diseases are relatively rare, they can be severe and even life-threatening if left untreated.

Historical Treatment Options

In the past, tetracycline was considered the drug of choice for treating Vibrio cholerae as well as V. vulnificus infections [1][2]. This antibiotic was widely used to treat these bacterial diseases due to its effectiveness in killing the bacteria.

Current Treatment Guidelines

However, current treatment guidelines recommend a different approach. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using third-generation cephalosporins plus tetracyclines regimen for treating V. vulnificus infections [7]. This combination of antibiotics is considered more effective than tetracycline alone.

Other Treatment Options

In some cases, penicillin may be used to treat Vibrio infections, especially if the infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus [8]. Additionally, intravenous drugs such as vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, or telavancin may be used to treat MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections that are resistant to other antibiotics [10].

Importance of Early Treatment

It's essential to note that early initiation of treatment is crucial in preventing the progression of Vibrio infections. High clinical suspicion and prompt antibiotic therapy can help prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes [5].

References:

[1] Chuang, YC (1998) - Tetracycline has generally been believed to be the drug of choice for the treatment of Vibrio cholerae as well as V. vulnificus infection.

[2] Chuang, YC (1998) - vulnificus infection. Tetracycline has generally been believed to be the drug of choice for the treatment of Vibrio cholerae as well as V. vulnificus infection.

[3] Bowdre et al. (1998) - Not available in context

[4] Chuang, YC (1998) - vulnificus infection. Tetracycline has generally been believed to be the drug of choice for the treatment of Vibrio cholerae as well as V. vulnificus infection.

[5] Jun 15, 2023 - High clinical suspicion and early initiation of treatment for invasive vibriosis is important because the infection may progress rapidly to ...

[6] Kim, CS (2015) - Moreover, the recommended antibiotic therapy for V. vulnificus is tetracycline family (e.g. tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) plus ...

[7] Jin, L (2023) - In the selection of antibiotics, the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends third-generation cephalosporins + tetracyclines regimen for the ...

[8] Stevens, DL (2005) - Penicillin, given either parenterally or orally depending on clinical severity, is the treatment of choice (A-III). If staphylococcal infection is suspected, a ...

[9] Aksak-Wąs, BJ (2021) - During hospitalization, targeted antibiotic therapy, fluid therapy and forced diuresis were administered. A decrease in inflammatory and renal ...

[10] Jul 15, 2014 - Options for treatment of MRSA in those circumstances (Table 2) include intravenous drugs (vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, or telavancin) or ...

The differential diagnosis for Vibrio-related infections, particularly those caused by Vibrionaceae family bacteria, involves considering various factors and symptoms.

Infectious causes: According to search result [1], the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic bullae in a patient could include infectious causes such as herpes simplex or staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. However, Vibrio-related infections should also be considered, especially in patients with risk factors such as wound infections, gastroenteritis, or primary septicemia [3].

Vibrio vulnificus: This bacterium commonly manifests as local wound infection, gastroenteritis, or primary septicaemia [3]. Infection with V. vulnificus can be severe and may require prompt medical attention.

Other considerations: The differential diagnosis for Vibrio-related infections should also consider the patient's overall health status, any underlying conditions, and the presence of risk factors such as alcoholism [4].

Laboratory criteria: Isolation of a species of the family Vibrionaceae (other than toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139) from a clinical specimen using a culture-independent diagnostic test (CIDT) can be used to support the diagnosis of Vibrio-related infections [2].

It's essential to note that the differential diagnosis for Vibrio-related infections is complex and requires careful consideration of various factors. A healthcare professional should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis